The Time Course of Orthography and Phonology: ERP Correlates of Masked Priming Effects in Spanish

Semantic transparency has been in the focus of psycholinguistic research for decades, with the controversy about the time course of the application of morpho-semantic information during the processing of morphologically complex words not yet resolved. This study reports two masked priming studies with English - ness and Russian - ost’ nominalisations, investigating how semantic transparency modulates native speakers’ morphological priming effects at short and long stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both languages, we found increased morphological priming for nominalisations at the transparent end of the scale (e.g. paleness – pale) in comparison to items at the opaque end of the scale (e.g. business – busy) but only at longer prime durations. The present findings are in line with models that posit an initial phase of morpho-orthographic (semantically blind) decomposition.

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Time course analyses of orthographic and phonological priming effects during word recognition in a transparent orthography

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470218.2013.879192 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 67 (10) ◽

pp. 1925-1943 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M. H. T. Zeguers ◽

P. Snellings ◽

H. M. Huizenga ◽

M. W. van der Molen

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Visual Word Recognition ◽

Lexical Access ◽

Time Course ◽

Masked Priming ◽

Phonological Priming ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Transparent Orthography ◽

Time Courses ◽

Orthographic Priming

In opaque orthographies, the activation of orthographic and phonological codes follows distinct time courses during visual word recognition. However, it is unclear how orthography and phonology are accessed in more transparent orthographies. Therefore, we conducted time course analyses of masked priming effects in the transparent Dutch orthography. The first study used targets with small phonological differences between phonological and orthographic primes, which are typical in transparent orthographies. Results showed consistent orthographic priming effects, yet phonological priming effects were absent. The second study explicitly manipulated the strength of the phonological difference and revealed that both orthographic and phonological priming effects became identifiable when phonological differences were strong enough. This suggests that, similar to opaque orthographies, strong phonological differences are a prerequisite to separate orthographic and phonological priming effects in transparent orthographies. Orthographic and phonological priming appeared to follow distinct time courses, with orthographic codes being quickly translated into phonological codes and phonology dominating the remainder of the lexical access phase.

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Visual and Phonological Codes in Letter and Word Recognition: Evidence from Incremental Priming

The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A ◽

10.1080/713755906 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 671-692 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Johannes C. Ziegler ◽

Ludovic Ferrand ◽

Arthur M. Jacobs ◽

Arnaud Rey ◽

Jonathan Grainger

Keyword(s):

Word Recognition ◽

Lexical Decision ◽

Time Course ◽

Masked Priming ◽

Prime Duration ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Additional Information ◽

Word Priming ◽

Critical Issues ◽

Phonological Activation

Critical issues in letter and word priming were investigated using the novel incremental priming technique. This technique adds a parametric manipulation of prime duration (or prime intensity) to the traditional design of a fast masked priming study. By doing so, additional information on the time course and nature of priming effects can be obtained. In Experiment 1, cross-case letter priming (a-A) was investigated in both alphabetic decision (letter/non-letter classification) and letter naming. In Experiment 2, cross-case word priming was investigated in lexical decision and naming. Whereas letter priming in alphabetic decision was most strongly determined by visual overlap between prime and target, word priming in lexical decision was facilitated by both orthographic and phonological information. Orthographic activation was stronger and occurred earlier than phonological activation. In letter and word naming, in contrast, priming effects were most strongly determined by phonological/articulatory information. Differences and similarities between letter and word recognition are discussed in the light of the incremental priming data.

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The time course of orthography and phonology: ERP correlates of masked priming effects in Spanish

Psychophysiology ◽

10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00844.x ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 46 (5) ◽

pp. 1113-1122 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Manuel Carreiras ◽

Manuel Perea ◽

Marta Vergara ◽

Alexander Pollatsek

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Masked Priming ◽

Priming Effects

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Time course analyses of orthographic and phonological priming effects in developing readers

Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology ◽

10.1080/17470218.2017.1345958 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 1672-1686

Author(s):

Maaike HT Zeguers ◽

HM Huizenga ◽

MW van der Molen ◽

P Snellings

Keyword(s):

Reading Fluency ◽

Time Course ◽

Reading Development ◽

Sixth Grade ◽

Masked Priming ◽

Phonological Priming ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Developing Readers ◽

Efficient Integration ◽

Time Courses

It has been assumed that fluent reading requires efficient integration of orthographic and phonological codes. However, it is thus far unclear how this integration process develops when children learn to become fluent readers. Therefore, we used masked priming to investigate time courses of orthographic and phonological code activation in children at incremental levels of reading development (second, fourth and sixth grade). The first study used targets with small phonological differences between phonological and orthographic primes, which are typical in transparent orthographies. The second study manipulated the strength of the phonological difference between prime and target to clarify whether phonological difference influences phonological priming effects. Results in both studies showed that orthographic priming effects became facilitative at increasingly short durations during reading development, but phonological priming was absent. These results are taken to suggest that development of reading fluency is accompanied by increased automatization of orthographic representations. The absence of phonological priming suggests that developing readers cannot yet activate phonological codes automatically.

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Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000013 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 98-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽

Manuel Perea ◽

Manuel Carreiras

Keyword(s):

Lexical Decision ◽

Hierarchical Model ◽

Priming Effect ◽

Masked Priming ◽

The Other ◽

Memory Organization ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Bilingual Memory ◽

Translation Priming ◽

Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

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The Time Course of the Aversive Conflict Signal

Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) ◽

10.1027/1618-3169/a000271 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 30-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Julia Fritz ◽

Gesine Dreisbach

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Strong Support ◽

Short Soas ◽

Priming Effects ◽

Presentation Time ◽

Psychological Evidence ◽

Study Participants ◽

Direct Investigation

The idea that conflicts are aversive signals recently has gained strong support by both physiological as well as psychological evidence. However, the time course of the aversive signal has not been subject to direct investigation. In the present study, participants had to judge the valence of neutral German words after being primed with conflict or non-conflict Stroop stimuli in three experiments with varying SOA (200 ms, 400 ms, 800 ms) and varying prime presentation time. Conflict priming effects (i.e., increased frequencies of negative judgments after conflict as compared to non-conflict primes) were found for SOAs of 200 ms and 400 ms, but absent (or even reversed) with a SOA of 800 ms. These results imply that the aversiveness of conflicts is evaluated automatically with short SOAs, but is actively counteracted with prolonged prime presentation.

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