Psychological Factors Affecting Pain During Cold Pressor Experiences

Pain is a traumatic experience and discomfort for all patients, especially critically ill patients; if not treated properly, it can have harmful effects. Critical illnesses are usually painful, both because of the underlying source of the disease and the necessary procedures performed to monitor and care for these patients. Pain induces anxiety, sleep deprivation, disorientation, agitation, delirium, and often become chronic depression. Psychological factors (sleep deprivation, anxiety, and delirium) can also increase the perception of pain. Pain assessment is required for proper pain management. Opioids are commonly used in pain management, but acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, and gabapentin have more advantages. The recent trend is multimodal analgesia, which uses a combination of analgesic drugs with different mechanisms of action. Another trend is the increasing use of pain relievers, which can control pain and relieve anxiety.

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Psychological Factors Affecting Physical Conditions

Oklahoma Notes - Psychiatry ◽

10.1007/978-1-4684-0452-4_11 ◽

1993 ◽

pp. 135-136

Author(s):

L. Blaine Shaffer ◽

Ronald S. Krug

Keyword(s):

Psychological Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Physical Conditions

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Psychological factors contributing to parenting styles: A systematic review

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.14978.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 906

Author(s):

Zahra Vafaeenejad ◽

Fourozan Elyasi ◽

Mahmood Moosazadeh ◽

Zohreh Shahhosseini

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Attachment Style ◽

Parenting Style ◽

Parenting Styles ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Personal Characteristics ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Socio Economic Variables

Background: The set of strategies used by parents to put their children’s behaviors under control are called parenting styles, which can be influenced by numerous factors including socio-economic variables, cultural differences, personal characteristics, and psychological factors. These factors can differently contribute to parenting style. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine psychological factors affecting parenting style. Methods: This study was a comprehensive literature review using the keywords of parenting styles, psychological factors, and parenting to search the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Web of , and Scientific Information Database. In this respect, 416 articles were extracted. 368 articles were removed after reviewing their abstracts and full text and eventually 48 articles were selected to elicit the required data. Results: Our findings were classified under two categories: factors related to parents (mental status, self-efficacy, parenting stress, perfectionism, personality traits, childhood trauma, marital satisfaction, parents’ attachment style, perceived parenting style, and substance abuse); and those related to children (child developmental and mental disability, child temperament, and anxiety). Conclusions: Considering the multiple psychological factors that affect parenting style, it is recommended to include an assessment of parent-child psychological status in family programs in order to identify the needs for -oriented care and take steps towards the development of parenting skills.

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