Examining the Influence of Intimate Partner Violence on Fertility Planning Status of Couples: Evidence from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is associated with women’s poor reproductive health outcomes. This study examined the influence of IPV on couples’ fertility planning status (FPS). Couples’ data from Nigeria’s Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in 2018 were used. A weighted sample of 4,650 couples was analyzed from the domestic violence module of the NDHS. Complementary log-log (cloglog) models were fitted to estimate the effects on FPS. The results showed that in marital relationships where husbands were older than wives, there was a 28% higher likelihood of planned fertility than couples where husbands were younger or within the same age range (Exp.B.=1.28; CI=1.10, 1.50). Couples who practiced the same religion had a 25% higher likelihood of planning their fertility than those practicing different religions (Exp.B.=1.25; CI=1.07, 1.47). Couples with no IPV had a 13% higher likelihood of planning their fertility (Exp.B.=1.13; CI=1.04, 1.24). IPV, poverty, and child sex preference had significant negative influences on couples’ FPS. Couples should be advised against all forms of IPV, and they should be made to understand that IPV jeopardizes their reproductive intentions. Specific enlightenment programs dissuading child sex preference may also be targeted at them.

Spatial planning systems in Poland and Italy - comparative analysis on the example of Olsztyn and Bari

The article discusses several aspects of spatial planning systems in Poland and in Italy. The analysis included the legal basis for the functioning of both systems, planning levels and documents developed at each level. The planning status of both countries is presented based on the statistical data obtained. This is shown on the cartodiagrams prepared with the use of ArcGIS and QGIS software as well as tabular lists containing statistical data. Detailed research was also done as a case study for two cities: Olsztyn in Poland and Bari in Italy. The data collected and the analyses carried out made it possible to compare the planning systems in both countries tested. The results show similarities and differences, as well as the positive and negative features of both analyzed systems. Conclusions can be used as a basis for proposing changes to the planning systems in both countries, based on good practices from the other country.

Stunting among Under Five Years Old Children in Rwanda: Influences of Family Planning Status and Household Size and Composition

Background Stunting is one of the main challenges resulting in high child mortality and morbidity thought out the world, especially in many developing countries, including Rwanda. The overall prevalence rate of stunting is estimated at around 38% of under five years old children in Rwanda. Objective To examine the influences of household size and composition and family planning status on stunting among children under five in Rwanda. Methods The current study is a nationally representative cross-sectional study that used the secondary data analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2014-2015. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between family planning and household size and composition. Results The sum-total of children under five in the household (log odds=0.373(p<.05), CI=0.0577, 0.689), maternal age at childbirth (log odds=-0.682(p<.05), CI=-1.222, -0.141), fertility preference (log odds =-0.296(p<.05), CI=-0.549, -0.0427), and unmet need for family planning (log odds = 0.297(p<.05), CI= 0.0193, 0.574) were statistically significant associated with stunting among studied children. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest a significant association between stunting and family planning and household size and composition. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2021;4(1):112-130

THE UK NATIONAL THERMAL-HYDRAULICS FACILITY: MOTIVATIONS, DESIGN AND PLANNING STATUS

A UK National Thermal-Hydraulics Facility (NTHF) dedicated to supporting new reactor and other relevant business is being developed, one of the purposes being to deliver on the government’s carbon emission reduction commitments. The facility site is foreseen to be at Menai Science Park on the isle of Anglesey in North Wales, a region expected to see significant low carbon energy deployment in coming years. The UK NTHF is envisioned to cater for the needs of emerging nuclear in the UK – but also to serve as a hardware platform for international thermal-hydraulics research collaboration. Plans are to construct a platform capable of maintaining several test loops including support for the UK’s on-going, conventional nuclear new build programme as well as Gen-IV systems and associated materials like molten salt and liquid metal coolant media. Motivations are given for NTHF expected capabilities and requirements, which form the basis for its current design and planning state.

Adenomyosis: diagnostics and treatment

Background Adenomyosis is a frequent additional condition in patients with endometriosis and should be included in diagnostic and treatment concepts. Objective Description of diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in patients with adenomyosis in relation to patient age, family planning status, peritoneal and/or deep endometriosis and symptoms. Methods The current literature on adenomyosis including case reports was analyzed. Due to the lack of evidenced-based approaches the most probable trends in diagnostics and treatment are discussed. Results Adenomyosis plays an important role in fertile patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia and pelvic pain, with or without additional peritoneal or deep endometriosis. It has a negative impact on fertility and can cause a variety of symptoms. The disease can be diagnosed by a skilled examiner and treatment concepts exist. Conclusion Adenomyosis can be diagnosed by a combination of clinical history, gynecological examination, transvaginal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. Various medical and surgical treatment approaches are available to reduce symptoms and to increase fertility. The course of action depends on the family planning status of the patient.

A Study on Cyber Security Threats in a Shipboard Integrated Navigational System

The integrated navigational system (INS) enhances the effectiveness and safety of ship navigation by providing multifunctional display on the basis of integration of at least two navigational functions, the voyage route monitoring with Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) and collision avoidance with radar. The INS is essentially a software platform for fusion of data from the major ECDIS and radar systems with sensors for the additional navigation functions of route planning, status and data display, and alert management. This paper presents a study on cyber security resilience examination of a shipboard INS installed on a RoPax ship engaged in international trade. The study was based on a mixed-method approach, combining an interview of the ship's navigational ranks and cyber security testing of the INS using an industry vulnerability scanner. The identified threats were analyzed qualitatively to study the source of cyber risks threatening the INS. The results obtained point out cyber threats related to weaknesses of the INS underlying operating system, suggesting a need for occasional preventive maintenance in addition to the regulatory compliance required.

Actual Conditions of Mixed Public–Private Planning for Housing Complexes in Beijing

Mixed habitation environments have gradually proved to be an effective planning method to promote social integration in many countries. However, due to the differences in the social backgrounds of each country, it is essential to implement construction methods suitable for local conditions. On the other hand, the planning theories and construction methods discussed from multiple perspectives, including an architectural perspective of spatial forms, have been insufficient, which is not conducive to constructing a sustainable dwelling environment. This article aims to clarify the planning status of spatial forms and their issues by investigating existing projects with mixed habitation environments in China. Unlike other countries that have implemented relevant policies for many years, China has just begun to explore relevant schemes (i.e., public-rental housing in private-owned housing complexes) aiming to promote mixed habitation environments. The selected research objects included all projects already inhabited at the end of June 2017 in the city of Beijing. Through field survey, the research objects were divided into eight types via an analysis of building layouts and residents’ traffic lines. The results show that out of the many research objects, two kinds of housing were clearly distinctive, and only a few research objects matched the basic conditions to be defined as a mixed habitation. The conditions are not conducive to the formation of mixed habitation; therefore, a more detailed discussion on how to design a mixed habitation environment is necessary to aid further research.

Notions of sustainable urban planning and impacts on Habitation

One of the main housing problems in the modern era emerged from the case of environmental and urban degradation and the accompanying population growth and an increasing scarcity of natural resources, which has established itself firmly on the planning status of contemporary in an attempt to find appropriate solutions to this problem orientation was towards the concept of sustainability, which in turn is a global demand necessary contributes mainly in the treatment of a lot of this problem and then configure the general perception of the concept and methodology to be applied to urban and urban areas, which are aimed at forming healthy urban environment, health, social, urban and environmentally suitable for all economic groups in society, and I have touched on the concept of sustainability and its history briefly , as well as sustainable development and the basics of sustainable urban planning with the definition of the structure of the city's urban and address standards of planning, and has been eating Neighbourhood Unit being the main Aalouhdh in the structure of the urban city. with the development of the most important sustainable planning in detail the concepts with Astertajat application of these concepts in the neighboring implications the residential environment as a model can be a start for the dissemination of sustainable planning applications in urban design and urban planning of our cities contemporary line To be the problem of the research is that the residential neighborhoods in contemporary cities suffer from the weakness evident in the achievement of the principles of urban sustainability in the built environment as a result of the lack of a clear vision of the great impact of the application of sustainable urban planning concepts on housing environment residential neighbors and especially those that are considered fundamental group unit for the emergence of cities and the wealth of the solution to the problems of the expansion of agricultural land and not to the depletion of natural resources, agricultural land and reduce the energy consumption and therefore reduce the various infections with developing the economy and raising the social level of the communities Alexanah.lzlk the aim of the research is centered on asking perceptions affecting the concepts of sustainable planning and environmental, social, economic, physical and its effects on residential environment with taking as a model .oantaleg neighboring residential search in the premise that the implementation of sustainable urban planning concepts will create residential Abih sound and healthy, safe and socially homogeneous and compact urban .