The Moderating Role of Surgency, Behavioral Inhibition, Negative Emotionality and Effortful Control in the Relationship between Parenting Style and Children’s Reactive and Proactive Aggression

The principal aim of this study is to explore the moderating role of temperament in the relationship between parenting style and the reactive and proactive aggressive behavior of 8-year-old children. The participants are 279 children (154 boys and 125 girls). To measure reactive and proactive aggression, children completed the reactive and proactive questionnaire (RPQ). Child temperament and parenting styles were evaluated by both parents using the temperament in middle childhood questionnaire (TMCQ) and the parenting styles and dimensions questionnaire (PSDQ). The results revealed that boys with high surgency levels and authoritarian fathers displayed more reactive aggression, whereas behaviorally inhibited boys with mothers who scored low for authoritarian parenting displayed less reactive aggression. Finally, girls with high levels of effortful control and mothers who scored low for authoritative parenting displayed more proactive aggression. The results highlight the value of studying the moderating role of temperament in the relationship between children’s aggressive behavior and both mothers’ and fathers’ parenting styles, and underscores the importance of doing so separately for boys and girls.

The Mediating Role of Social Support in the Relationship Between Parenting Styles and Adolescent Drug Abuse Identification

Adolescent drug abuse is a social issue of global concern, causing a serious burden of diseases for individuals, families and society. To design effective prevention and intervention strategies for adolescent drug abusers, the predictive factors associated with drug abuse must be quantified and assessed. This study explores the similarities and differences between the parenting styles of adolescent drug abusers and non-drug abusers and applies a structural equation model to analyze the mechanisms involved between parenting styles, social support and adolescent drug abuse identification. Data were derived from adolescent drug abusers (n = 363) and non-drug abusers (n = 229) between the ages of 18 and 35 in China, and the data were collected and analyzed by SPSS 26 and AMOS 24. The results show that parenting styles significantly predict adolescent drug abuse identification, and different parenting styles have different influencing mechanisms, which further indicates that poor parenting styles are a risk factor for adolescent drug abuse. Additionally, social support plays a mediating role between parenting styles and drug abuse identification (χ2/df = 4.52, CFI = 0.939, TLI = 0.914, RMSEA = 0.077, IFI = 0.939, PCFI = 0.671). The specific pathways involved are as follows: Paternal parenting style → Social support → Drug abuse identification and Maternal parenting style → Social support → Drug abuse identification. However, beyond this, the mediation model of social support shows good adaptability and stability between adolescent drug abusers and non-drug abusers. Since parenting styles and social support are important predictors of adolescent drug abuse, the importance of integrating family-social support antidrug programs into adolescent prevention and intervention strategies should be considered.

THE FAMILIAL CONTEXT OF CHILDREN’S CREATIVITY: PARENTING STYLES AND THE CLIMATE FOR CREATIVITY IN PARENT–CHILD RELATIONSHIP

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dimensions of a constructive parenting style, (i.e. parental acceptance and autonomy granting) factors of the climate for creativity in parent–child relationships (encouragement to experience novelty and variety, encouragement of nonconformism, support of perseverance in creative efforts, and encouragement to fantasize), and parents’ visual mental imagery. 313 parents of children between 6 and 12 years of age participated in the study. The results indicated that (a) a constructive parenting style was positively related to three of four factors of the climate for creativity in the parent–child relationships, i.e. encouragement to experience novelty and variety, support of perseverance in creative efforts, and encouragement to fantasize in the parent–child relationship; (b) parents’ level of vividness of mental imagery was positively related with both parental acceptance of child and autonomy support as well as components of climate for creativity in parent–child relationship; (c) mothers scored significantly higher than fathers in exhibiting acceptance of a child; (d) parents’ gender played an important role in the relations between dimensions of constructive parenting style and factors of climate for creativity in parent–child relationships. Findings were discussed in terms of the implications for further research and theory development in the area of family influences on the development of children’s creativity.

WIDOWER’S AGE AND NUMBER OF CHILDREN AFFECT PARENTING STYLE AND REMARRIAGE DECISION

Highlight:1. The widow will outsource childcare to other people, such as the widow's mother, stepmother, aunt, or other relatives who believe they know more about childcare after the wife's death.3. There was a significant relationship between widower’s age and the number of children affecting parenting style and remarriage decision.Abstract:Background: The high maternal mortality ratio automatically represents the highest number of widowers in Indonesia. The change of status from a husband to a widower does not rule out the possibility of being able to change his role and function in the family. Objective: To describe that the widower’s age and the number of children have an impact on the parenting style and the desire to remarry. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational study with a cross-sectional design. Husbands who had been left by their wives for two years or more owing to maternal death and had one or more children before the wife's maternal death were the subjects of this study. Widower’s age, as well as kid’s parenting patterns before the death of the mother were recorded. This study was likewise subjected to an ethics review and relied on informed consent. Results: Widowers who had one child before their wife's death and decided to remarry accounted for 7 subjects (87.5%), while those who did not remarry accounted for 5 (31.3%). On the association between a widower’s age and child-rearing practices, there were two respondents (40%) who chose to entrust their children’s care to someone else or not to be cared by themselves. Conclusion: There was a significant relationship between widower’s age and the number of children and the parenting style and remarriage decision. Single parents who decided to remarry were single parents at a relatively younger age.

The Roles of Parents Teachers Association in School-Age Children’s Psychosocial Development According to Erik Erikson

People these days tend to avoid their attention from child’s psychosocial development while it holds serious role for the psyhcological and social development of children to find their true identity in the future. According to Erik Erikson, there are 8 stages of phsychosocial development of human starts when a human being is born to the final stage which is at 65 years old above. In this theory, Erikson emphasizes that every stage holds its importance and that they relate each other. Which means the first stage affects the next stage and so forth. This research is aimed to analyze Erikson’s 8 stages development of psychosocial on school-age children and how parents and teachers should respond and provide suitable treatment for these children.The methodology in this research is literature research where author collects the information about 8 stages psychosocial development from journal, books, reviews, or previous research. From this research, author finds that parents must give proper and suitable parenting style for their child especially during their school periods where child needs support, motivation and stimulus either from parents or teachers or their surroundings through intensive communication. For addition, through this research too, author finds that the ability for teachers to understand these 8 stages will give them the sight to provide more chances for the children to grow well and find their true identity. From this research, we can conclude that either teachers and parents need to cooperatively work together to provides proper and suitable treatment for children’s psychosocial development according to Erikson’s 8 stages development.

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH ORANG TUA DENGAN PERILAKU BULLYING PADA SISWA SMA AL-AZHAR 3 BANDAR LAMPUNG TAHUN 2019

Bullying cases that often occur in the world of education in Indonesia are increasingly alarming. The impact of bullying can cause a child who is a victim to be hampered in self-actualization. There are several factors that influence bullying behavior, one of which is parenting style or parenting. The purpose of this research was to determine the correlation between parenting style with bullying behavior in high school students.This type of research is a descriptive observational analytic method using the Cros Sectional design. The sample in this study was that all students of class XII Natural Sciences / Social Sciences at Al-Azhar 3 Bandar Lampung High School were 176 students. Data obtained through filling the bullying behavior scale consists of 29 items and the parenting scale consists of 30 items. Data analysis technique to test the hypothesis is Anova One Way. The results showed that most of the respondents with democratic parenting were 113 respondents (64.2%), the majority of respondents with low bullying behavior were 119 respondents (67.6%) and there was a relationship between parenting patterns with bullying behavior in SMA AL-AZHAR 3 students in Bandar Lampung (p value 0,000). The research showed a correlation between parenting style with behavior bullying in senior high school students of Al-Azhar 3 Bandar Lampung 2019.

Hubungan Kecerdasan Emosional Remaja Sesuai dengan Pola Asuh Orang Tua Remaja Putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya

ABSTRAKKecerdasan emosional merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk mengenali, mengelola emosi, memotivasi diri, mengenali emosi orang lain, dan kemampuan untuk membina hubungan dengan orang lain. Berdasarkan kajian pustaka dan penelitian terdahulu, kecerdasan emosi menjadi krisis yang melanda dunia pendidikan akhir-akhir ini. Peran orang tua menjadi salah satu faktor luar yang memengaruhi kecerdasan emosi remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kecerdasan emosional remaja sesuai dengan pola asuh orang tua remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya. Metode penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan rancang bangun cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya dan 30 orang tua remaja putri tersebut dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Variabel bebas adalah pola asuh orang tua remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya. Variabel terikat adalah kecerdasan emosional remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan Chi Square test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 83,3% remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya memiliki kecerdasan emosional tinggi, dengan jenis pola asuh orang tua terbanyak yang diterapkan adalah demokratis sebanyak 73,33%. Hasil uji Chi square p = 0,418 (p > 0,05). Data tersebut menunjukkan tidak ada hubungan kecerdaasan emosional remaja sesuai dengan pola asuh orang tua remaja putri Akademi Angkatan Laut Surabaya.Kata Kunci: kecerdasan emosional; remaja putri; pola asuh orang tuaABSTRACTEmotional intelligence is a persons’ ability to recognize, manage emotions, motivate own self; recognize emotions of others, and the ability to build relationships with others. Based on literature review and previous research, emotional intelligence has become a crisis that has hit the world of education lately. The role of parents is one of the external factors that affect adolescent emotional intelligence. This study was aimed to determine the relationships in adolescent emotional intelligence according to the parenting style of the female adolescent’s parents at the Surabaya Naval Academy. This research method was observational analytic with cross sectional design. The numbers of samples are 30 female adolescents of Surabaya Naval Academy and 30 parents of them with total sampling technique of sampling. The independent variable is the parenting styles of female adolescence’s parent at Surabaya Naval Academy. The dependent variable was the emotional intelligence of women adolescence of Surabaya Naval Academy. The instrument used was questionnaires. Data analysis used Chi square test. The results showed that 83,3% of female adolescence at Surabaya Naval Academy had high emotional intelligence, with the type of parenting that most applied was democratic as much 73,33%. Chi square test results p = 0.418 (p > 0.05). The data shows that there is no relationship in the emotional intelligence of adolescents according to the parenting styles of women adolescence’s parent at Surabaya Naval Academy. Keywords: emotional intelligence; women adolescent; parenting style