Coping (together) with hate: Strategies used by Mexican-origin families in response to racial–ethnic discrimination.

Researchers increasingly use correspondence audit studies to study racial/ethnic discrimination in employment, housing, and other domains. Although this method provides strong causal evidence of racial/ethnic discrimination, these claims depend on the signal being clearly conveyed through names. Few studies have pretested individual racial and ethnic perceptions of the names used to examine discrimination. The author conducts a survey experiment in which respondents are asked to identify the races or ethnicities they associate with a series of names. Respondents are provided with combinations of Hispanic and Anglo first and last names. Hispanic first names paired with Anglo last names are least likely to be recognized as Hispanic, while all versions of Hispanic first and last names are highly recognized (≥90 percent). The results suggest that researchers must use caution when trying to signal Hispanic ethnicity in experiments, and prior findings from correspondence audits may be biased from poor signals.

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Unfair Treatment, Racial/Ethnic Discrimination, Ethnic Identification, and Smoking Among Asian Americans in the National Latino and Asian American Study

American Journal of Public Health ◽

10.2105/ajph.2006.102012 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 98 (3) ◽

pp. 485-492 ◽

Cited By ~ 97

Author(s):

David H. Chae ◽

David T. Takeuchi ◽

Elizabeth M. Barbeau ◽

Gary G. Bennett ◽

Jane Lindsey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Asian Americans ◽

Asian American ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Ethnic Identification ◽

American Study ◽

Unfair Treatment ◽

Racial Ethnic

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A longitudinal examination of perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, public ethnic regard, and depressive symptoms in Latino youth

Journal of Community Psychology ◽

10.1002/jcop.21904 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 971-983 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Gabriela Livas Stein ◽

Laura Taylor ◽

Andrea Kulish ◽

Laura McLaughlin Gonzalez

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Latino Youth ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Longitudinal Examination ◽

Racial Ethnic

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Forms of Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Suicidal Ideation: A Prospective Examination of African American and Latinx Youth

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology ◽

10.1080/15374416.2019.1655756 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ijeoma Madubata ◽

Leigh A. Spivey ◽

Gabriella M. Alvarez ◽

Enrique W. Neblett ◽

Mitchell J. Prinstein

Keyword(s):

African American ◽

Suicidal Ideation ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Racial Ethnic ◽

Latinx Youth

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Understanding the “How” and “Why” Aspects of Racial-Ethnic Discrimination: A Multimethod Approach to Audit Studies

Sociology of Race and Ethnicity ◽

10.1177/2332649219870183 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 443-455 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S. Michael Gaddis

Keyword(s):

Racial Discrimination ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Methodological Tool ◽

Multimethod Approach ◽

Racial Ethnic

Researchers have used audit studies to provide causal evidence of racial discrimination for nearly 60 years. Although audits are an excellent methodological tool to investigate the “what,” “where,” and “when” aspects of racial-ethnic discrimination, audits are less appropriate, by themselves, to investigate the “how” and “why” aspects of racial-ethnic discrimination. In this article, I review why audit studies are necessary to study racial-ethnic discrimination, the evidence from audit studies, and their limitations. I then argue that scholars should adopt a multimethod approach to audit studies to move from documenting the existence of racial-ethnic discrimination to examining how and why racial-ethnic discrimination occurs. Adoption of this multimethod approach will result in a deeper understanding of racial-ethnic discrimination with the potential to shape both opinions and policy surrounding discrimination.

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Perceived Racial/Ethnic Discrimination Predicts Worse Global Cognition in a Diverse Sample

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acz029.33 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 1266-1266

Author(s):

E Morris ◽

V Guzman ◽

E Tell ◽

A C Summers ◽

U S Clark ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Ethnic Discrimination ◽

Hiv Status ◽

Structural Racism ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Global Cognitive Function ◽

Persons Living With Hiv ◽

Racial Ethnic

Abstract Objective While perceived racial/ethnic discrimination (PD) and HIV can be independently detrimental to cognitive function, it is unclear whether persons living with HIV (PLWH) who experience PD may be at risk for greater cognitive dysfunction than HIV- persons. In a diverse sample, we hypothesized that PD would be related to worse cognition and that this effect would be moderated by HIV status. Participants and Method This cross-sectional study included 53 participants (57% PLWH; 77% African American and 23% Latinx; 45% male; M Age = 54.5 ± 6.1 years; M Education = 12.4 ± 2.2 years) who completed the Perceived Ethnic Discrimination Questionnaire (PEDQ) and a neurocognitive (NC) battery. Variables included education (years); HIV status; PEDQ Total Score and global NC T-score (averaged, demographically-corrected T-scores for all tests). A general linear model examined main and interaction effects of HIV status and PD on global cognitive function. Covariates included depression and urine toxicology status for cocaine and marijuana. Results Greater PD was associated with higher education and greater depression. The model showed that greater PD (β = -.48, p < .05) and lower education (β = -19.0, p < .01) were related to worse global cognitive function. This relationship was moderated by education (β = .59, p < .01), such that the relationship between PD and global cognitive function was stronger in those with higher education. There was no main effect of HIV or HIV*PD interaction on global cognitive function. Conclusions This study demonstrated that greater PD is related to worse global cognitive function and this relationship is stronger in those with more education. While no causal factors can be attributed, racial/ethnic minorities with higher education may be granted greater access to areas with greater structural racism and/or microagressions (i.e., predominantly white workplaces). Future studies should evaluate the role of socioeconomic and workplace diversity when considering discrimination.

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