Modelling of Mechanisms as a Methodological Tool (the Case of Designing a Cycloidal Pin Transmission)

The suggested modern approach to modelling of objects and systems allows not only to create models but also to use them to study the main properties of the object (system) with a high degree of clarity and adequacy, as well as to develop most important skills of young engineers in creating and implementing digital models of engineering objects.The objective of the study is to analyse capacity of one of the modern automated computational design systems as a methodological tool.The functionality of an automated computational design system is considered for the case of constructing a model of a planetary cycloidal pinion transmission. The resulting model allows visualising the kinematics of the designed mechanism in the form of static or moving graphic images. The model built based on the described approach contains digital images of mechanism parts, which can be transferred without modification to specialised software systems for analysing strength characteristics or manufacturing material models of a product using rapid prototyping methods.The proposed approach allows to perfect actions referring to the analysis of properties and synthesis of new structures using tools that correspond to the modern level of technology development and to get a visual idea of the process of developing a machine from a mathematical model to its material objectification.The research methods are based on the fundamental principles of mathematical and simulation modelling, data analysis and processing using powerful automated computational design tools.The tools used for modelling can be used for different forms of learning, i.e., without reference to specific premises and equipment.

Smartphone and teamwork as a methodological tool for teaching and learning physics

This research is based on the usefulness of mobile phones as a tool for students to learn about uniform rectilinear motion in vertical free fall, based on experimental practice. To evaluate whether these mobile devices allow better learning on the subject, a pre-test/post-test design was carried out with 43 students participating in the 9th grade in natural sciences. McNemar and Stuart-Maxwell non-parametric tests were applied. The proposal on the experimental practice gave satisfactory results when comparing the pre-test and post-test, in the analysis of the particular and global form of the answers.

Aquatecture of a city Park: A methodological experiment in the design process for Belgrade Linear park

The aim of this paper is to interpret the term Aquatecture in the design process for Zone 8 of Belgrade Linear Park, as a case study for understanding the concept and methodology used, as well as their application in operational architectural and urban practice. The paper describes the methodological procedure applied to structuring the space using water, with the aim of designing ambiences inspired by nature. This methodological experiment is illustrated with graphical representations of the process itself, in which the colors and shapes of water are analyzed through the observation of water droplets under the microscope. The research hypothesis is that one drop of water contains information important for architectural activities, and therefore the research offers a set of procedures and methods that can be applied and controlled through the creative act of coloring and shaping, or more precisely the creation of Spatial Images. The methodological procedure in the research can be described as poetic and artistic, at the same time containing a scientific element in the analysis and observation of the water sample under the microscope. All other visual perceptual observations and results in the interpretation of the observed environment and the water droplets, as well as their colors and shapes, are offered as extremely intuitive. The research is presented in the form of a Tableau consisting of seven parts and a set of photographs, drawings and images, as well as tone maps (color palette), according to which the results are applied through Spatial Images. Spatial images are interpreted as Ambience inspired by nature, at a specific location: Zone 8 of Belgrade Linear Park, as a case study for researching this methodological procedure. The data obtained in this way is applied in the structuring of the park's aquatecture and pavilions. The waterflows in the park itself are explained in the text, as well as the spatial structures such as the landscape fountain on the square and the main park pavilion itself, which is interpreted as a one-of-a-kind House of water. Therefore, as a product of the work, an environmental project inspired by nature is offered as the Aquatecture of Zone 8 in Belgrade Linear Park, illustrating the practical application of water as a methodological tool, and an inspiration in the processes of architectural design and water space structuring. In this way, the case study of the Conceptual Architectural and Urban Design of Zone 8 of the Linear Park in Belgrade offers new interpretations and understandings of Aquatecture in Belgrade in professional practice. More precisely, it re-examines ways of applying and understanding the concepts of the Blue Green Dream (BGD) and Nature Based Solutions (NBS) in shaping public spaces in the city.

Re-search, Re-enactment, Re-design, Re-programmed Art

Kinetic and programmed art has been a trend of contemporary arts that flourished in the 1950s and 1960s. Kinetic artworks often incorporated technology, at that time still immature, and involved the audience in the production of visual, sound, and somatic effects. Gruppo T was the pioneering group at the forefront of this groundbreaking vision of art as reproducible, participatory, and interactive. Through an action research project and the methodological tool of reenactment, a group of researchers, designers, and artists has proposed an alternative way to conserve Gruppo T artworks. The project ‘Re-programmed Art: An Open Manifesto’ originated from the ephemeral and experimental features, as well as fragility, of the works by Gruppo T — that is, from the difficulties of practice, conservation, technology, and market that have confined them for far too long to the margins of mainstream art history. We conceive reenactment not just a mere restaging but as re-designing, re-thinking, updating, and re-programming a series of works by Gruppo T.

The Model of Bounded Rationality: a New Methodological Tool of Economic Theory

The main purpose of this article is to study and analyze the economic behaviour of market participants in real conditions, and to outline the very natural trait of individuals to show bounded rationality. The theoretical framework of bounded rationality is presented, and a comparative analysis is carried out between the neoclassical theory of rational behaviour and the concept of quasi-rational economic agents according to behavioural economics. Special emphasis is placed on the correlation between the decisionmaking process and the concept of limited rationality. This article confirms the thesis that the model of the rational economic individual is not the best model. Research in this area proves that this model has great imperfections, but, at the moment, the empirical material is still not enough to create another, newer and practically applicable model of behaviour of the real economic person, which is characterized by bounded rationality.

MENTALITY AS AN UNDERLYING ANTHROPOLOGICAL REALITY AND WAYS OF ITS COMPREHENSION IN THE HUMANITIES (EXPERIENCE OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION)

The work is devoted to the epistemological analysis of the formation of the idea of mentality in modern humanitarian knowledge. The sources, approaches and main directions in the understanding of mentality in the science of the 20-21st centuries are considered. The idea is being developed that the dynamic path of teaching about mentality in modern culture can be presented as an ascent from polydisciplinarity in the study of mentality to the creation of mentology as an integrative discipline. The idea is that in order to understand the processes of the formation of the idea of mentality in humanitarian knowledge, it is necessary to take into account, in addition to the immanent perspective of the presentation of this topic as part of individual disciplines, also the general context of the formation of humanitarian knowledge. The question of the heuristic value of ideas and principles of doctrines about integrity for the development of integrative concepts of mentality is discussed. It is suggested that the “anthropology of wholeness” can be chosen as an ontological basis for the development of mentology, and “philosophy of wholeness” in its various versions, based on the principles of holism, and particularly - on the principle of all-encompassing unity, can be chosen as a methodological tool for constructing this discipline.

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION PLAN

Nations across have come with national adaptation plan (NAPs). The inclination towards mitigation i.e.; to reduce emissions have taken a back step and adaptation has come to forefront as even with advanced frameworks, innovation, methodological tool kits, technology and capacity building, we except nations to adapt, acclimatize, adjust and bear the consequences of climate change. Adaptation plans are focused on making the stakeholders including the entities per se to make them used to impacts rather than nudging the ways and means or processes to future proof the entire supply chain and stakeholders day to day living and functioning. Adaptation is a climate intensive attribute for not just 1.5 degrees and or NDCs targets planning, but it’s a preparedness planning fudge function. Why adapt when we can do away with just mitigation? Is what, debate is on with in the scientific think tank.

Ethology: The Narrative Turn

Distinguishing their work from the causalist approaches of objectivist ethology, sociobiology, or cognitive ethology, a growing number of ethologists lay claim to the possibility of describing what animals do through more or less complex narratives. Narration becomes a methodological tool in its own right. Animals thus become characters as in novels. This is an epistemological choice. Our capacity to perceive the complexity of animal lives is tied to our capacity to tell ourselves stories in which animals are the heroes. These animals are not robots. They are subjects, individuals, and even persons. From this results a new and transpecific form of third-person narration. This approach still relies, however, on a set of very carefully collected field data and requires a great familiarity with observed animals. It then becomes possible to concern oneself with the individual strategies of particular animals rather than solely with behaviors that would be common to all members of a given species. The recourse to narrative as a means of understanding animal intelligence is especially pertinent as we become increasingly aware that animals themselves tell stories and that our concepts of narrative must expand beyond the human. Knowing whether animals have narrative structures is a philosophical question before it is a biological one. The desire to extend narrativity to the animal necessarily modifies what narrativity signifies. We perceive in animals a processual narrativity, a behavioral narrativity, and a fictional narrativity. The study of animals forces to rethink what a fiction is and compels one to consider its phylogensis in a rigorous manner without locating its origins in Homo sapiens.

When Evaluative Adjectives Prevent Contradiction in a Debate

This paper argues that some words are so highly charged with meaning by a community that they may prevent a discussion during which each participant is on an equal footing. These words are indeed either unanimously accepted or rejected. The presence of these adjectival groups pushes the antagonist to find rhetorical strategies to circumvent them. The main idea we want to develop is that some propositions are not easily debatable in context because of some specific value-bearing words (VBWs), and one of the goals of this paper is to build a methodological tool for finding and classifying these VBWs (with a focus on evaluative adjectives). Our study echoes the importance of “cultural keywords” (as reported by Wierzbicka, Understanding cultures through their key words: English, Russian, Polish, German, and Japanese, 1997) in argument (as reported by Rigotti & Rocci, Argumentation in practice, 2005), but is rather based on a German approach developed by (as reported by Dieckmann, Sprache in der Politik: Einführung in die Pragmatik und Semantik der politischen, 1975), (as reported by Strauss and Zifonun, Der politische Wortschatz, 1986), and (as reported by Girnth, Sprache und Sprachverwendung in der Politik: Eine Einführung in die linguistische Analyse öffentlich-politischer Kommunikation, 2015) about “Miranda” and “Anti-Miranda” words that is expanded and refined here. In particular, our study tries to understand why some statements, fueled by appreciative (Tseronis, 2014) or evaluative adjectives, have such rhetorical effects on a pragmatic level in the particular context of a vote on the Swiss popular initiative called “for more affordable housing”. This context is fruitful since two parties offer reasons for two opposing policy claims: namely, to accept or to reject an initiative. When one party uses arguments containing such universally unassailable adjectival groups to defend a “yes” vote (in our example, pleading for more affordable housing rents), the opposing party cannot use a symmetrical antonym while pleading for the “no” vote. The methodological tool that is proposed here could shed light on the use of certain rhetorical and referential strategies in conflicting policy proposition contexts.