Neighborhood Drug Availability Measure

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holly Ventura Miller ◽  
J. C. Barnes ◽  
Richard D. Hartley
Keyword(s):  
Drug Availability ◽  
Availability Measure

Psychological Availability Measure

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas R. May ◽  
Richard L. Gilson ◽  
Lynn M. Harter
Keyword(s):  
Availability Measure

Evolution in Drug Access

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joia S. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Drug Development ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Neglected Diseases ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Drug Availability ◽  
For Profit ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Drug Access ◽  
Life Saving

Treatment and curative medical care often require medication. This chapter focuses on the provision of medications in impoverished settings and the challenges that inhibit access to life-saving drugs. It will review the failure of the for-profit market to increase drug access for the poor. The evolving concept of essential drugs will be explored by reviewing the history the WHO Essential Medicines List (EML) and the fight to expand the list to include new, and often patented medicines. The international treaties and policies that impact drug availability will be highlighted as will novel systems for drug development and distribution. Finally, the chapter will highlight the growing movement to decrease costs, increase supply, and advance development of drugs for neglected diseases affecting impoverished people.

scholarly journals Therapeutic Hydrogel Lenses and the Antibacterial and Antibiotic Drugs Release

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1931
Author(s):  
Alessandra Pulliero ◽  
Aldo Profumo ◽  
Camillo Rosano ◽  
Alberto Izzotti ◽  
Sergio Claudio Saccà
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Drug Availability ◽  
Silicone Hydrogel ◽  
Antibiotic Drugs ◽  
Medical Approach ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Gradient Hplc

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effects of different lens types on the availability and efficacy of anti-inflammatory and antibiotic drugs. Three lens types were examined: (1) nonionic hydrogel lenses; (2) ionic hydrogel lenses; and (3) silicone hydrogel lenses. The lenses were incubated with (a) dexamethasone; (b) betamethasone; (c) bromophenacyl bromide; and (d) chloramphenicol. Drug availability was quantified by gradient HPLC, and chloramphenicol antibacterial activity was quantified by testing the inhibition of Salmonella typhimurium growth on agar. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of betamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, followed by the silicone hydrogel lens and nonionic hydrogel lens. The lens allowing the most abundant passage of dexamethasone was the ionic hydrogel lens, but only at 0.5 h and 1 h. Regarding chloramphenicol, the ionic hydrogel lens and silicone hydrogel lens allowed more abundant passage than the nonionic hydrogel lens. These results highlight the relevance of adapting lenses to anti-inflammatory therapy, thus allowing a personalized medical approach.

An in vitro model for assessing drug availability from lipophilic vehicles

1979 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. ARMSTRONG ◽  
K. C. JAMES ◽  
C. K. WONG
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Drug Availability ◽  
Vitro Model

An in-vitro investigation of drug availability from lipophilic solutions

1984 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Armstrong ◽  
K. C. James ◽  
W. K. L. Pugh
Keyword(s):  
Drug Availability ◽  
In Vitro Investigation

Drug availability

1991 ◽  
Vol 154 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice E Hirshorn
Keyword(s):  
Drug Availability

scholarly journals A continuous-time semi-markov bayesian belief network model for availability measure estimation of fault tolerant systems

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Márcio das Chagas Moura ◽  
Enrique López Droguett
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Markov Processes ◽  
Continuous Time ◽  
Fault Tolerant ◽  
Numerical Procedure ◽  
Bayesian Belief Networks ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Fault Tolerant Systems ◽  
Semi Markov Processes ◽  
Availability Measure

In this work it is proposed a model for the assessment of availability measure of fault tolerant systems based on the integration of continuous time semi-Markov processes and Bayesian belief networks. This integration results in a hybrid stochastic model that is able to represent the dynamic characteristics of a system as well as to deal with cause-effect relationships among external factors such as environmental and operational conditions. The hybrid model also allows for uncertainty propagation on the system availability. It is also proposed a numerical procedure for the solution of the state probability equations of semi-Markov processes described in terms of transition rates. The numerical procedure is based on the application of Laplace transforms that are inverted by the Gauss quadrature method known as Gauss Legendre. The hybrid model and numerical procedure are illustrated by means of an example of application in the context of fault tolerant systems.

Circumstances Surrounding the Initial Lapse to Opiate Use Following Detoxification

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan P. Bradley ◽  
Grania Phillips ◽  
Lynette Green ◽  
Michael Gossop
Keyword(s):  
Social Pressure ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Drug Availability ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Opiate Use ◽  
External Events

Seventy-eight opiate abusers were followed up after successful in-patient detoxification in order to examine renewed opiate use. The greatest number of initial lapses occurred within a week of subjects leaving in-patient treatment. Eleven categories of lapse precipitant were identified: cognitive, mood, external, withdrawal, interpersonal, leaving a protected environment, drug availability, drug-related cues, craving, priming, and social pressure. Cognitions, negative moods and external events emerged as the most commonly mentioned factors; these often occurred together, either in clusters or in a sequence. Implications of these results for models of relapse and for treatment approaches are discussed.

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