Chemical Structure of Bacterial Cell Walls: Ornithine and 2,4-Diaminobutyric Acid as Components of the Cell Walls of Plant Pathogenic Corynebacteria

Nature ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 201 (4924) ◽  
pp. 1105-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. PERKINS ◽  
C. S. CUMMINS
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Diaminobutyric Acid ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

scholarly journals Bacterial Cell Wall-Induced Arthritis: Chemical Composition and Tissue Distribution of Four Lactobacillus Strains

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3535-3540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Egle Šimelyte ◽  
Marja Rimpiläinen ◽  
Leena Lehtonen ◽  
Xiang Zhang ◽  
Paavo Toivanen
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Chronic Arthritis ◽  
Bacterial Cell Wall ◽  
Peptidoglycan Structure ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls ◽  
Spleen And Lymph Nodes

ABSTRACT To study what determines the arthritogenicity of bacterial cell walls, cell wall-induced arthritis in the rat was applied, using four strains of Lactobacillus. Three of the strains used proved to induce chronic arthritis in the rat; all were Lactobacillus casei. The cell wall of Lactobacillus fermentum did not induce chronic arthritis. All arthritogenic bacterial cell walls had the same peptidoglycan structure, whereas that of L. fermentum was different. Likewise, all arthritogenic cell walls were resistant to lysozyme degradation, whereas the L. fermentum cell wall was lysozyme sensitive. Muramic acid was observed in the liver, spleen, and lymph nodes in considerably larger amounts after injection of an arthritogenicL. casei cell wall than following injection of a nonarthritogenic L. fermentum cell wall. The L. casei cell wall also persisted in the tissues longer than theL. fermentum cell wall. The present results, taken together with those published previously, underline the possibility that the chemical structure of peptidoglycan is important in determining the arthritogenicity of the bacterial cell wall.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the Peptidoglycan of Bacterial Cell Walls

1968 ◽  
Vol 243 (11) ◽  
pp. 3169-3179 ◽  
Author(s):  
D J Tipper ◽  
J L Strominger
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

scholarly journals Structure of N-acetyl-D-alanyl-D-alanine hydrate. An analogue of the COOH-terminal segment of peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls.

1981 ◽  
Vol 256 (17) ◽  
pp. 9229-9234
Author(s):  
E Benedetti ◽  
B Di Blasio ◽  
V Pavone ◽  
C Pedone ◽  
C Toniolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Terminal Segment ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of the Peptidoglycan of Bacterial Cell Walls

1970 ◽  
Vol 245 (14) ◽  
pp. 3675-3682
Author(s):  
Roland Plapp ◽  
Jack L. Strominger
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

Biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls

1966 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 487-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Anderson ◽  
Pauline M. Meadow ◽  
Mary A. Haskin ◽  
Jack L. Strominger
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

Macrophages produce somnogenic and pyrogenic muramyl peptides during digestion of staphylococci

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (1) ◽  
pp. R126-R133 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Johannsen ◽  
J. Wecke ◽  
F. Obal ◽  
J. M. Krueger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Cell ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Slow Wave Sleep ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chromatographic Behavior ◽  
Bacterial Cell Walls

Muramyl peptides have a variety of biological effects in mammals, including enhancement of the immune response, sleep, and body temperature. Although mammals lack biosynthetic pathways for muramyl peptides, they are found in mammals and are well known as components of bacterial cell walls. This suggests that phagocytic mammalian cells digest bacterial cell walls and produce biologically active muramyl peptides. Staphylococcal cell walls were radioactively labeled during growth of the bacteria. During the digestion of these radiolabeled bacteria, murine bone marrow macrophages produced low-molecular-weight substances that coeluted chromatographically with the radioactive cell wall marker. Further separation of these substances using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography resulted in the isolation of substances with high specific biological activity. Intracerebroventricular injection of rabbits with these substances induced an increase in slow-wave sleep and body temperature and a suppression of rapid-eye-movement sleep. The characteristics of the biological responses and the chromatographic behavior of the active components are consistent with those of muramyl peptides. The ability of macrophages to tailor muramyl peptides from peptidoglycan may provide an amplification step for the immune response. Muramyl peptides released by macrophages may also act as mediators for various facets of the acute phase response elicited by bacterial infections such as fever and sleep.

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