Fine Structure of Native Cellulose Microfibrils

The structure of the walls of vesicles of Valonia ventricosa and, to a less extent of other species, has been re-examined by the methods of X-ray analysis and electronmicroscopy, with particular reference to the criticism by Steward & Muhlethaler of the earlier statements of Preston & Astbury. It is shown that the cellulose microfibrils are present in three orientations, in separate lamellae. The third orientation, noted occasionally by Preston & Astbury but not recorded in their model, corresponds to microfibrils which are much less abundant than are those of the other two orientations both because the lamellae with this orientation are less frequent and because the microfibrils are more loosely packed in each lamella. The two ‘major’ directions ( A and B ) lie on an average at rather less than at right-angles to each other; the third direction ( x ) forms a bisector of this angle. The repeat from one lamella to the next can be . . . ABAB . . . or . . . AxB . . ., i.e. an interrupted two-lamella repeat, and not a three-lamella repeat as proposed by Steward & Muhlethaler. The structures of the walls of two whole vesicles have been worked out and give identical models. These are strictly equivalent to the model proposed by Preston & Astbury except that the third microfibril direction is present, making a rather steep right-hand spiral around the vesicle.

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Fine structure during ontogeny of xylem transfer cells in the rhizome of Hieracium floribundum

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b75-053 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 432-438 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Edward C. Yeung ◽

R. L. Peterson

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Wall Layer ◽

Transfer Cells ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Tracheary Elements ◽

Large Vacuole ◽

Wall Ingrowths ◽

Cytological Changes ◽

Thickened Wall

A number of cytological changes occur in rhizome transfer cells with age, the most striking being the appearance of microbodies each with a crystalline nucleoid and the presence of unusual plastids. Plastids in older transfer cells develop one or more electron-translucent regions and lack a defined thylakoid system. The number and size of vacuoles increases until ultimately one large vacuole is formed in old transfer cells. Accompanying these cytological changes in the cytoplasm the wall ingrowths change from being highly involuted and reaching a considerable distance into the cytoplasm of the cell to becoming thicker and less numerous, and finally form a rather uniformly thickened wall layer. The orientation of microfibrils in the thickened cell wall, resulting from the joining of the original wall projections adjacent to the tracheary elements, is random, while the wall thickenings away from the tracheary elements have more orderly arrangements of cellulose microfibrils.

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FINE STRUCTURE OF NATIVE CELLULOSE FIBERS

Sen i Gakkaishi ◽

10.2115/fiber.14.684 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 14 (10) ◽

pp. 684-688

Author(s):

Hiroshi Nishimura ◽

Osakazu Nakao ◽

Nobuhiko Migita

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Native Cellulose

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FINE STRUCTURE OF NATIVE CELLULOSE FIBERS

Sen i Gakkaishi ◽

10.2115/fiber.19.731 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 731-738 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hiroshi Nishimura ◽

Osakazu Nakao ◽

Masayuki Suzuki ◽

Nobuhiko Migita

Keyword(s):

Fine Structure ◽

Cellulose Fibers ◽

Native Cellulose

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Rheology of oil-in-water emulsions stabilised by native cellulose microfibrils in primary plant cells dispersions

Food Structure ◽

10.1016/j.foostr.2021.100239 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 100239

Author(s):

Emma M. Nomena ◽

Micah van der Vaart ◽

Panayiotis Voudouris ◽

Krassimir P. Velikov

Keyword(s):

Plant Cells ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Native Cellulose ◽

Oil In Water

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Aspects of Native Cellulose Microfibrils at Molecular Resolution.

Trends in Glycoscience and Glycotechnology ◽

10.4052/tigg.11.23 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 11 (57) ◽

pp. 23-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Junji Sugiyama ◽

Tomoya Imai

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Native Cellulose

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Fine Structure of Growing Cellulose Fibrils of Ochromonas malhamensis Pringsheim (syn. Poteriochromonas stipitata Scherffel)

Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B ◽

10.1515/znb-1970-0921 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 25 (9) ◽

pp. 1017-1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Detlef Kramer

Keyword(s):

Molecular Structure ◽

Fine Structure ◽

Electron Microscope ◽

Native Cellulose ◽

Cellulose Fibrils ◽

Elementary Fibrils

The stalked tunicae of the chrysomonadine Ochromonas malhamensis consist of mirofibrils which in contrast to often described plant cellulose fibrils do not have the appearance of one-layer ribbons, but are composed of 10-20 Å thick elementary fibrils, that are very loosely fasciated. The reason for this uncommon structure is thought to be found in the function of the tunicae. Since the elementary fibrils of Ochromonas extend unilaterally, electron microscope studies could be made on the growing ends of the fibrils, several types of which could be discerned. The importance of these structures to the different theories of the growth and the molecular structure of native cellulose is discussed.

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Studies of the structure and chemical composition of the cell walls of Vaucheriaceae and Saprolegniaceae

Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rspb.1963.0056 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 158 (973) ◽

pp. 435-445 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Keyword(s):

Cell Wall ◽

Cell Walls ◽

Insoluble Fraction ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Hot Water ◽

Cellulose Microfibrils ◽

Wall Material ◽

Native Cellulose ◽

A Cell ◽

Crystalline Component

The cell walls of members of the Vaucheriaceae and Saprolegniaceae have been examined by X-ray analysis and electron microscopy, and their composition determined by hydrolysis and paper partition chromatography of the hydrolysates. Both differences and similarities between the members of these two species examined are found to supplement the comparative morphological and physiological information at present available. Saprolegnia , Achlya , Brevilegnia and Dictyuchus among the Saprolegniaceae possess hot-water soluble polysaccharides containing glucose residues only. This polysaccharide is not crystallographically identical with the polysaccharide found in Vaucheria sessilis with a similar solubility. The members of the Saprolegniaceae contain large amounts of alkali-soluble polysaccharides in contrast with the negligible amount found in V. sessilis . These polysaccharides are only weakly crystalline, but the indications are that the same polysaccharides may occur throughout the Saprolegniaceae. The alkali-insoluble wall material of Vaucheria species consists of highly crystalline native cellulose with large, apparently randomly arranged, microfibrils. The hydrolysate of this material contains ribose, xylose and arabinose in addition to glucose, presumably representing strongly bound pentosans. Native cellulose also occurs in the Saprolegniaceae but only in small proportion. The bulk of the alkali-insoluble fraction in the walls of these fungi appears amorphous in the electron microscope and is only weakly crystalline. It consists of one or m ore substances containing glucose, mannose, ribose and possibly other sugars together with traces of glucosamine. These substances presumably cover the cellulose microfibrils. The total quantity of non-cellulosic polysaccharide in the Saprolegniaceae approaches 85% of the total wall weight in contrast with the situation in Vaucheria where the cellulose alone approaches 90% of the total cell wall. Dichotomosiphon is unique among the organism s studied in this paper, in possessing a cell wall entirely soluble in alkali and composed of approximately equal quantities of glucose and xylose. The crystalline component is aβ-1,3-linked xylan, as already reported for some of the Siphonales (closely related algae) by Frei & Preston.

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