scholarly journals Nabilone Decreases Marijuana Withdrawal and a Laboratory Measure of Marijuana Relapse

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1557-1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret Haney ◽  
Ziva D Cooper ◽  
Gillinder Bedi ◽  
Suzanne K Vosburg ◽  
Sandra D Comer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Measure

Convergent validity of a laboratory measure of aggression

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Arriaga Ferreira ◽  
Andreia Poeira ◽  
Francisco Esteves ◽  
Maria Benedicta Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Laboratory Measure

A Preregistered Validation Study of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Skylan Chester
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Validation Study ◽  
Real World ◽  
External Validity ◽  
State Level ◽  
Taylor Aggression Paradigm ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Laboratory Measure ◽  
Behavioral Tasks ◽  
Preliminary Support

The Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) is a frequently-used laboratory measure of aggressive behavior. However, the flexibility inherent in its implementation and analysis can undermine its validity. To test whether the TAP was a valid aggression measure irrespective of this flexibility, I conducted a preregistered study of a 25-trial version of the TAP using a single scoring approach with 160 diverse undergraduate participants. TAP scores showed agreement with other laboratory aggression measures and were magnified by an experimental provocation manipulation. Mixed evidence was found for associations with aggressive dispositions and real-world violence. These results provide preliminary support for this approach to the TAP to measure state-level aggressive behavior. However, more evidence is needed to assess the TAP’s external validity and ability to measure dispositional forms of aggression. Using preregistered designs, researchers should validate specific variants of their behavioral tasks in order to optimize the veridicality and reproducibility of psychological science.

scholarly journals The Nonlinear Development of Emotion Differentiation: Granular Emotional Experience Is Low in Adolescence

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1346-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik C. Nook ◽  
Stephanie F. Sasse ◽  
Hilary K. Lambert ◽  
Katie A. McLaughlin ◽  
Leah H. Somerville
Keyword(s):  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Developmental Trend ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Emotion Differentiation ◽  
Mediation Analyses ◽  
Intraclass Correlations ◽  
Laboratory Measure ◽  
Affective Experiences

People differ in how specifically they separate affective experiences into different emotion types—a skill called emotion differentiation or emotional granularity. Although increased emotion differentiation has been associated with positive mental health outcomes, little is known about its development. Participants ( N = 143) between the ages of 5 and 25 years completed a laboratory measure of negative emotion differentiation in which they rated how much a series of aversive images made them feel angry, disgusted, sad, scared, and upset. Emotion-differentiation scores were computed using intraclass correlations. Emotion differentiation followed a nonlinear developmental trajectory: It fell from childhood to adolescence and rose from adolescence to adulthood. Mediation analyses suggested that an increased tendency to report feeling emotions one at a time explained elevated emotion differentiation in childhood. Importantly, two other mediators (intensity of emotional experiences and scale use) did not explain this developmental trend. Hence, low emotion differentiation in adolescence may arise because adolescents have little experience conceptualizing co-occurring emotions.

Measurement of swimming ability in larval marine fishes: comparison of critical speed with in situ speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 203-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Leis
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Critical Speed ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Swimming Ability ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Laboratory Measure ◽  
Laboratory Flume

For much of their pelagic larval dispersal (PLD) stage, larval perciform fishes are able to directly influence their dispersal by horizontal swimming, but it is unclear which means of measuring swimming ability is most appropriate for modelling dispersal and studying demographic and genetic connectivity. Most studies use critical speed (Ucrit), a laboratory flume measure derived by increasing flow until larvae can no longer maintain their position. Most swimming ability data on fish larvae are Ucrit, usually for larvae nearing the end of PLD. Recognizing that a forced laboratory measure is inappropriate for dispersal, researchers have used decreased Ucrit values, usually by 50%, and have argued that Ucrit is strongly correlated with more relevant swimming measures. Here I examined the suitability of Ucrit versus in situ speed (ISS), wherein speed of larvae is measured by divers following them in the ocean with a flow meter. Considerations of dispersal require inclusion of swimming ontogeny. Swimming speed regressions of speed on size of 10 species in 8 families showed that Ucrit and ISS are not well correlated. The Ucrit:standard length (SL) slope was greater than the ISS:SL slope in 6 species, and did not differ in the other 4 species. No overall metric, e.g. X% of Ucrit = ISS, was appropriate for conversion of Ucrit to ISS. Conversion of Ucrit to ISS is not straightforward. Ucrit measures swimming potential, not what larvae do in the ocean, whereas ISS directly measures larvae swimming in the ocean. Ucrit ontogeny is less variable, but ISS ontogeny is more relevant to dispersal. Ucrit may be useful for other purposes.

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