scholarly journals The erosion of biodiversity and biomass in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. F. de Lima ◽  
Alexandre A. Oliveira ◽  
Gregory R. Pitta ◽  
André L. de Gasper ◽  
Alexander C. Vibrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractTropical forests are being deforested worldwide, and the remaining fragments are suffering from biomass and biodiversity erosion. Quantifying this erosion is challenging because ground data on tropical biodiversity and biomass are often sparse. Here, we use an unprecedented dataset of 1819 field surveys covering the entire Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We show that 83−85% of the surveys presented losses in forest biomass and tree species richness, functional traits, and conservation value. On average, forest fragments have 25−32% less biomass, 23−31% fewer species, and 33, 36, and 42% fewer individuals of late-successional, large-seeded, and endemic species, respectively. Biodiversity and biomass erosion are lower inside strictly protected conservation units, particularly in large ones. We estimate that biomass erosion across the Atlantic Forest remnants is equivalent to the loss of 55−70 thousand km2 of forests or US$2.3−2.6 billion in carbon credits. These figures have direct implications on mechanisms of climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals The erosion of biodiversity and biomass in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato A. F. Lima ◽  
Alexandre A. Oliveira ◽  
Gregory R. Pitta ◽  
André L. de Gasper ◽  
Alexander C. Vibrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Change Mitigation

AbstractTropical forests are being deforested worldwide, and the remaining fragments are suffering from biomass and biodiversity erosion. Quantifying this erosion is challenging because ground data on tropical biodiversity and biomass are often sparse. Here, we use an unprecedented dataset of 1,819 field surveys covering the entire Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot. We show that 83–85% of the surveys presented losses in forest biomass and tree species richness, functional traits and conservation value. On average, forest fragments had 25–32% less biomass, 23–31% fewer species, and 33%, 36% and 42% fewer individuals of late-successional, large-seeded and endemic species, respectively. Biodiversity and biomass erosion were both lower inside strictly protected conservation units, particularly in large ones. We estimate that biomass erosion across the Atlantic Forest remnants was equivalent to the loss of 55-70 thousand km2 of forests or US$2.3-2.6 billion in carbon credits. These figures have direct implications on mechanisms of climate change mitigation.

scholarly journals Is the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” a biodiversity hotspot for orchid bees?

2014 ◽  
Vol 74 (3 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. S078-S092 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Nemésio ◽  
JE Santos Junior
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Orchid Bees ◽  
Orchid Bee ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
First Time ◽  
Forest Preserve

The orchid-bee faunas (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Euglossina) of the three largest forest remnants in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco”, northeastern Brazil, namely Estação Ecológica de Murici (ESEC Murici), RPPN Frei Caneca, and a forest preserve belonging to Usina Serra Grande, in the states of Alagoas and Pernambuco, were surveyed using seventeen different scents as baits to attract orchid-bee males. Eight sites were established in the three preserves, where samplings were carried out using two protocols: insect netting and bait trapping. We collected 3,479 orchid-bee males belonging to 29 species during 160 hours in early October, 2012. Seven species were collected in the “Centro de Endemismo Pernambuco” for the first time. Richness proved to be one of the highest of the entire Atlantic Forest domain, and diversity in some sites, especially at ESEC Murici, revealed to be one of the highest in the Neotropics. Eulaema felipei Nemésio, 2010, a species previously recorded only at ESEC Murici, was found in no other preserve in the region and its conservation status is discussed.

scholarly journals The context of the size and distance of Atlantic Forest fragments in a small city in Southern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e46936
Author(s):  
Matheus Bueno Patrício ◽  
José Hilário Delconte Ferreira ◽  
Edivando Vitor do Couto
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Small City ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Significant Area ◽  
The Mean

The Atlantic Forest is highly anthropized, this reduce the areas of native vegetation and impacts the biodiversity of the biome. The objective of this study is to analyze forest remnants with native vegetation characteristics using a free GIS. This analysis takes place using landscape metrics and was based on the supervised vectorization of land use in the municipality of California, PR. The area of the vectored polygons was obtained and a classified, and then the calculation was made with the nearest neighbor index, mean distance observed, Patton diversity index and the perimeter/area ratio of forest fragments. The results show that most of the fragments have an area smaller than 1 ha, the fragments with more significant area (<50 ha) represent more than 16% of the native vegetation area. The small fragments are important to maintain the connectivity, since the withdrawal of these increases the mean distance observed and nearest neighbor index. Most of the fragments are elongated and amorphous in accordance with the perimeter/area ratio and the Patton diversity index respectively, this may demonstrate the fragments may be subject to edge effects. Even with these characteristics, these fragments may be part of what is planned in public policy for preservation in the Atlantic Forest in the state of Paraná. Therefore, even small fragments with little core area are important for maintaining biodiversity, especially in a highly anthropogenic landscape

scholarly journals Pervasive Defaunation of Forest Remnants in a Tropical Biodiversity Hotspot

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e41671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo R. Canale ◽  
Carlos A. Peres ◽  
Carlos E. Guidorizzi ◽  
Cassiano A. Ferreira Gatto ◽  
Maria Cecília M. Kierulff
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Tropical Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Remnants

Forest transitions in tropical landscapes: A test in the Atlantic Forest biodiversity hotspot

2017 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 93-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel L. Costa ◽  
Jayme A. Prevedello ◽  
Bruno G. de Souza ◽  
Diogo C. Cabral
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Forest Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Transitions ◽  
Tropical Landscapes

scholarly journals Frugivorous bat (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) community structure and trophic relations in Atlantic Forest fragments

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e52030
Author(s):  
Camila de Lima Faustino ◽  
Rosa Maria Dias ◽  
Silvia Regina Ferreira ◽  
Henrique Ortêncio Filho
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Foraging Strategy ◽  
Trophic Niche ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Trophic Relations ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Food Overlap ◽  
Artibeus Lituratus ◽  
Bat Diversity

We evaluated the structure of a community of frugivorous bats using composition and abundance patterns, niche amplitude and food overlap of these animals in four Atlantic Forest fragments, each one exposed to different conservation realities. For twelve months, we captured six bat species and found the seeds of 13 species of pioneering plants in 158 fecal samples. The most abundant bat species were Artibeus planirostris (25.4%), Artibeus lituratus (24.1%) and Carollia perspicillata (23.9%). Only one fragment (Fazenda Unida), the most conserved area, exhibited a significantly different composition and abundance of species. We found low trophic niche amplitude values (<0.60), associated to high food overlaps. Our results suggest that bats can adjust their foraging strategy to deal with food availability variations. By favoring pioneering plant species, the fragmentation process noted of the studied areas creates an attractive environment for bats more tolerant to this type of disturbance. The sampled areas represent important secondary forest remnants in southern Brazil that require attention to avoid an even greater loss of bat diversity.

scholarly journals Bats from the Pedra Branca Forest, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonatas Tavares ◽  
Roberto Novaes ◽  
Iuri Veríssimo ◽  
Maria Alice Kuzel ◽  
Sócrates da Costa-Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Natural Park ◽  
Forest Remnants ◽  
Janeiro City ◽  
Biological Reserve

The Pedra Branca Forest is located in a highly-urbanised region of the central portion of Rio de Janeiro City, comprises the largest urban forest on the continent and is isolated from other Atlantic Forest remnants. The local flora and fauna are protected by three conservation units (Pedra Branca State Park, Prainha Municipal Natural Park and Guaratiba State Biological Reserve) and one biological station (Fiocruz Atlantic Forest Biological Station—EFMA). Here, we provide an updated list of the bat fauna for the remnant. The results are based on samplings at EFMA and literature data from Pedra Branca State Park and Prainha Natural Park. The three sampling sites combined resulted in 31 species, 23 genera and four families. Phyllostomidae was the richest family with 24 species, followed by Vespertilionidae with five species (3%) and Molossidae and Noctilionidae with one species. The local bat fauna was predominantly composed of species with a broad geographic distribution.

scholarly journals Geographic distribution, habitat use and vocalizations of the leaf-litter frog Ischnocnema henselii (Anura: Brachycephalidae) in the subtropical Atlantic Forest

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Maria Lucas ◽  
Veluma Ialú Molinari De Bastiani ◽  
Rodrigo Lingnau
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Calling Activity

Data on geographic distribution and ecology are essential when defining the conservation status of a species. Herein, we present new information about the geographic distribution, habitat and advertisement call of Ischnocnema henselii, an endemic species of the southern Atlantic Forest. We conducted this study in forest fragments in the state of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, from January 2008 to November 2012. We recorded I. henselii in eight fragments over 100 ha in size, both inside and outside conservation units. We often observed less than 20 males in calling activity. The calling activity was daytime and nighttime, and more intense in the rain. We observed individuals perched on vegetation, on leaves or branches, on the leaf litter or under tree trunks. Duration of advertisement calls ranged from 14.71 ± 1.68 s (n = 11 calls) and interval between notes was 0.22 ± 0.13 s (n = 99 notes). We observed that the advertisement calls had a feature that we call "alternating modulation" in the amplitude of the notes. We suggest that further bioacoustic studies should analyze the relevance of this alternating modulation, to understand its role in communication. Although I. henselii is a habitat specialist, it is currently considered a common species, classified as Least Concern by Brazilian and IUCN lists. In the region studied, characterized by small and isolated remnants of the Atlantic Forest, I. henselii is not an abundant species and its spatial distribution is always associated with wet forest fragments. The increasing degradation of forest remnants in this region causes microclimatic and structural changes that may compromise the permanence of strictly forest and moisture-dependent species for reproduction, such as I. henselii.

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