Publisher Correction: Biological classification of childhood arthritis: roadmap to a molecular nomenclature

The search for powerful optimizers has led to the development of a multitude of metaheuristic algorithms inspired from all areas. This work focuses on the animal kingdom as a source of inspiration and performs an extensive, yet not exhaustive, review of the animal inspired metaheuristics proposed in the 2006–2021 period. The review is organized considering the biological classification of living things, with a breakdown of the simulated behavior mechanisms. The centralized data indicated that 61.6% of the animal-based algorithms are inspired from vertebrates and 38.4% from invertebrates. In addition, an analysis of the mechanisms used to ensure diversity was performed. The results obtained showed that the most frequently used mechanisms belong to the niching category.

Download Full-text

Biological Systematics

10.7591/cornell/9781501752773.001.0001 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew V. Z. Brower ◽

Randall T. Schuh

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Inference ◽

Molecular Clocks ◽

Practical Application ◽

Character Analysis ◽

Biological Classification ◽

Living Things ◽

Biological Systematics ◽

Desk Reference ◽

Systematic Biology

Understanding the history and philosophy of biological systematics (phylogenetics, taxonomy and classification of living things) is key to successful practice of the discipline. In this thoroughly revised third edition, the authors provide an updated account of cladistic principles and techniques, emphasizing their empirical and epistemological clarity. The book covers the history and philosophy of systematics; the mechanics and methods of character analysis, phylogenetic inference, and evaluation of results; the practical application of systematic results to biological classification, adaptation and coevolution, biodiversity, and conservation; along with new chapters on species and molecular clocks. The book is both a textbook for students studying systematic biology and a desk reference for practicing systematists. Part explication of concepts and methods, part exploration of the underlying epistemology of systematics, the edition addresses why some methods are more empirically sound than others.

Download Full-text

Management of vascular anomalies: Review of institutional management algorithm

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.4103/ijps.ijps_245_15 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 50 (02) ◽

pp. 193-200 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lalit K. Makhija ◽

Sameek Bhattacharya

Keyword(s):

Multidisciplinary Approach ◽

Vascular Malformations ◽

Treatment Protocol ◽

Vascular Anomalies ◽

Algorithmic Approach ◽

Institutional Management ◽

Management Algorithm ◽

Biological Classification ◽

Functional Consequences

ABSTRACT Introduction: Vascular anomalies are congenital lesions broadly categorised into vascular tumour (haemangiomas) and vascular dysmorphogenesis (vascular malformation). The management of these difficult problems has lately been simplified by the biological classification and multidisciplinary approach. To standardise the treatment protocol, an algorithm has been devised. The study aims to validate the algorithm in terms of its utility and presents our experience in managing vascular anomalies. Materials and Methods: The biological classification of Mulliken and Glowacki was followed. A detailed algorithm for management of vascular anomalies has been devised in the department. The protocol is being practiced by us since the past two decades. The data regarding the types of lesions and treatment modality used were maintained. Results and Conclusion: This study was conducted from 2002 to 2012. A total of 784 cases of vascular anomalies were included in the study of which 196 were haemangiomas and 588 were vascular malformations. The algorithmic approach has brought an element of much-needed objectivity in the management of vascular anomalies. This has helped us to define the management of particular lesion considering its pathology, extent and aesthetic and functional consequences of ablation to a certain extent.

Download Full-text