Impact of systemic vascular risk factors on the choriocapillaris using optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with systemic hypertension

Background/aimsPathological myopia (PM) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide. We aimed to evaluate microvascular and chorioretinal changes in different stages of myopia with wide-field (WF) swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).MethodsThis prospective cross-sectional observational study included 186 eyes of 122 patients who had undergone imaging between November 2018 and October 2020. Vessel density (VD) and vessel skeletonised density (VSD) of superficial capillary plexus, deep capillary plexus and whole retina, as well as foveal avascular zone parameters, retinal thickness (RT) and choroidal thickness (CT), were calculated.ResultsThis study evaluated 75 eyes of 48 patients with high myopia (HM), 43 eyes of 31 patients with mild to moderate myopia and 68 eyes of 53 age-matched controls. Controlling for age and the presence of systemic hypertension, we found that HM was associated with decrease in VD and VSD in all layers on 12×12 mm² scans. Furthermore, HM was associated with a VD and VSD decrease in every Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study grid, with a larger decrease temporally (βVD=−0.39, βVSD=−10.25, p<0.01). HM was associated with decreased RT and CT. Reduction in RT was outside the macular region, while reduction in CT was in the macular region.ConclusionUsing WF SS-OCTA, we identified reduction in microvasculature and structural changes associated with myopia. Decrease in VD and VSD was greater in the temporal quadrant, and reductions in RT and CT were uneven across the retina. Further work may help identify risk factors for the progression of PM and associated vision-threatening complications.

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Perinatal risk factors associated with central retinal changes in former preterm children on optical coherence tomography angiography

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/aos.14870 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alenka Lavric ◽

Spela Markelj ◽

Jianbin Ding ◽

Sarakshi Mahajan ◽

Rupesh Agrawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Perinatal Risk Factors ◽

Preterm Children ◽

Perinatal Risk ◽

Factors Associated

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Peripapillary microvascular changes in patients with systemic hypertension: An optical coherence tomography angiography study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-63603-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong-Il Shin ◽

Ki-Yup Nam ◽

Woo-Hyuk Lee ◽

Cheon-Kuk Ryu ◽

Hyung-Bin Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Microvascular Changes

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Cardiovascular risk factors and small vessel disease of the brain: Blood pressure, white matter lesions, and functional decline in older persons

Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism ◽

10.1038/jcbfm.2015.121 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 132-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Hazel Mae A Abraham ◽

Leslie Wolfson ◽

Nicola Moscufo ◽

Charles R G Guttmann ◽

Richard F Kaplan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Blood Pressure ◽

White Matter ◽

Older People ◽

Older Persons ◽

Functional Decline ◽

Vascular Risk Factors ◽

White Matter Hyperintensity ◽

Systemic Hypertension ◽

Vascular Risk

Several potential vascular risk factors exist for the development and accumulation of subcortical white matter disease in older people. We have reported that in older people followed for up to 4 years white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions on magnetic resonance imaging nearly doubled in volume and were associated with alterations in mobility and cognitive function. Herein we review the genetic, metabolic, and vascular risk factors that have been evaluated in association with the development and pathogenesis of WMH in older persons. Our research efforts have focused on systemic hypertension, particularly in the out-of-office setting as 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure (BP) has proven to be a stronger indicator of the progression of WMH in older people and the associated functional decline than doctor’s office BP. Based on relations between 24-hour systolic BP levels, the accrual of WMH, and functional decline, we have designed the INFINITY trial, the first interventional study to use ambulatory BP to guide antihypertensive therapy to address this problem in the geriatric population.

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Reduced Retinal Microvascular Perfusion in Patients With Stroke Detected by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.628336 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Baoyi Liu ◽

Yijun Hu ◽

Guixian Ma ◽

Yu Xiao ◽

Bin Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Optic Disk ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Control Subjects ◽

Retinal Microvasculature ◽

Capillary Plexus ◽

Traditional Risk Factors

Currently there is a shortage of biomarkers for stroke, one of the leading causes of death and disability in aging populations. Retinal vessels offer a unique and accessible “window” to study the microvasculature in vivo. However, the relationship between the retinal microvasculature and stroke is not entirely clear. To investigate the retinal microvascular characteristics in stroke, we recruited patients with stroke and age-matched control subjects from a tertiary hospital in China. The macular vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) metrics, and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) measured optic disc VD were recorded for analysis. A total of 189 patients with stroke and 195 control subjects were included. After adjusting for sex, visual acuity, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, a history of smoking, levels of hemoglobulin (HbA1c), cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the macular VD of SCP and DCP in all sectors was decreased in patients with stroke. In the stroke group, the VD around the FAZ and the VD of the optic disk were lower. Logistic regression found the parafovea-superior-hemi VD of DCP > 54.53% [odds ratio (OR): 0.169] as a protective factor of stroke. Using the integration of all OCTA parameters and traditional risk factors, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of distinguishing patients with stroke was 0.962, with a sensitivity of 0.944 and a specificity of 0.871. Our study demonstrates that the retinal VD is decreased in patients with stroke independently of the traditional risk factors of stroke, which may shed light on the monitoring of stroke using the retinal microvascular parameters.

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Diabeteses kisér-károsodás vizsgálata optikai koherencia tomográfián alapuló angiográfiával

Orvosi Hetilap ◽

10.1556/650.2018.30962 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 159 (8) ◽

pp. 320-326

Author(s):

Cecília Czakó ◽

Gábor László Sándor ◽

Mónika Ecsedy ◽

Zsuzsanna Szepessy ◽

Ágnes Borbándy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography ◽

Retinal Vessel ◽

Vessel Density ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Optical Coherence ◽

Retinal Microvasculature ◽

Retinal Vessel Density

Abstract: Introduction: Optical coherence tomography angiography is a non-invasive imaging technique that is able to visualize the different retinal vascular layers using motion contrast to detect blood flow without intravenous dye injection. This method might help to assess microangiopathy in diabetic retinopathy during screening and follow-up. Aim: To quantify retinal microvasculature alterations in both eyes of diabetic patients in relation to systemic risk factors using optical coherence tomography angiography. Method: Both eyes of 36 diabetic patients and 45 individuals without diabetes were examined. Duration of diabetes, insulin therapy, blood pressure, HbA1c, dyslipidemia, axial length and the presence of diabetic retinopathy were recorded. Retinal vessel density was measured by optical coherence tomography angiography. The effect of risk factors on vessel density and between-eye asymmetry was assessed using multivariable regression analysis. Results: Vessel density was significantly lower and between-eye difference was significantly higher in diabetic patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Both vessel density and between-eye asymmetry significantly correlated with diabetes duration (p<0.05) after controlling for the effect of risk factors. The between-eye asymmetry in vessel density was significantly higher in patients without clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy compared to control subjects (p<0.001). Conclusions: There is a decrease in retinal vessel density and an increase in between-eye asymmetry in patients with diabetes compared to healthy subjects. By using optical coherence tomography angiography, the detection of these microvascular alterations is possible before clinically detectable diabetic retinopathy and might serve as a useful tool in both screening and timing of treatment. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(8): 320–326.

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