Direct evidence for metallic mercury causing photo-induced darkening of red cinnabar tempera paints

AbstractPhoto-induced darkening of red cinnabar (HgS) has attracted the interest of many researchers as it drastically impacts the visual perception of artworks. Darkening has commonly been related to metallic mercury (Hg0) formation in the presence of chlorides. Based on the study of UV-aged cinnabar pigment and tempera paint we propose an alternative pathway for the blackening reaction of cinnabar, considering its semiconductor properties and pigment-binder interactions. We demonstrate that darkening is caused by the oxidation of cinnabar to mercury sulfates and subsequent reduction to Hg0 via photo-induced electron transfer without the involvement of chlorides, and provide direct evidence for the presence of Hg0 on UV-aged tempera paint. Photooxidation also affects the organic binder, causing a competing depletion of photo-generated holes and consequently limiting but not impeding mercury sulfate formation and subsequent reduction to Hg0. In addition, organics provide active sites for Hg0 sorption, which is ultimately responsible for the darkening of cinnabar-based paint.

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REACTION MECHANISM OF ONE-POT SYNTHESIS OF POLYCYCLIC QUINONES —DIRECT EVIDENCE OF PHOTO-INDUCED ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESS

Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1246/cl.1983.843 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 12 (6) ◽

pp. 843-844 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Maruyama ◽

Seiji Tai ◽

Tetsuo Otsuki

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Reaction Mechanism ◽

Transfer Process ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Electron Transfer Process ◽

One Pot ◽

One Pot Synthesis ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

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Infrared Photoexcitation Spectroscopy of Conducting Polymer and C60 Composites: Direct Evidence of Photo-Induced Electron Transfer

Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals ◽

10.1080/10587259408039318 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 256 (1) ◽

pp. 739-744 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kwanghee Lee ◽

R. A. J. Janssen ◽

N. S. Sariciftci ◽

A. J. Heeger

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Conducting Polymer ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

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The absence of energy conservation coupled with electron transfer via the alternative pathway in cyanide-resistant yeast mitochondria

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics ◽

10.1016/0005-2728(79)90148-8 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 545 (3) ◽

pp. 398-403 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Vasilii K. Akimenko ◽

Nikolai P. Golovchenko ◽

Alexander G. Medentsev

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Energy Conservation ◽

Alternative Pathway ◽

Yeast Mitochondria

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Molecular design and synthesis of fluorescence PET (photo-induced electron transfer) sensors for detection of water in organic solvents

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c3ra42833h ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 3 (45) ◽

pp. 23255 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Yousuke Ooyama ◽

Koji Uenaka ◽

Ai Matsugasako ◽

Yutaka Harima ◽

Joji Ohshita

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Organic Solvents ◽

Molecular Design ◽

Design And Synthesis ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

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Electrochemically induced FTIR difference spectra of the cytochrome c oxidase from Paracoccus denitrificans: Direct evidence for the protonation of Glu 278 upon electron transfer

10.1063/1.55834 ◽

1998 ◽

Author(s):

P. Hellwig ◽

C. Ostermeier ◽

B. Ludwig ◽

H. Michel ◽

W. Mäntele

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Cytochrome C ◽

Cytochrome C Oxidase ◽

Direct Evidence ◽

Paracoccus Denitrificans ◽

Difference Spectra

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Photo-Induced Electron Transfer in P3DDT, P3OT, M3EH-PPV Conjugated Polymers Blended with Maleic Anhydride in THF Solution Under UV Flash Photolysis Studied by Means of CW TR ESR

Applied Magnetic Resonance ◽

10.1007/s00723-011-0281-x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 41 (2-4) ◽

pp. 195-203

Author(s):

A. Konkin ◽

A. Aganov ◽

H.-K. Roth ◽

U. Ritter ◽

P. Scharff ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Conjugated Polymers ◽

Flash Photolysis ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

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Elucidation of intriguing methanol-dichloromethane binary solvent mixture: Synergistic effect, analytical modeling, NMR and photo-induced electron transfer studies

Journal of Molecular Liquids ◽

10.1016/j.molliq.2016.08.048 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 274-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Shradhey Gupta ◽

Arghya Chakraborty ◽

Pratik Sen

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Synergistic Effect ◽

Analytical Modeling ◽

Solvent Mixture ◽

Binary Solvent ◽

Binary Solvent Mixture ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

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Preparation and Characterization of Glycyrrhizin-Graphene Hybrid Materials

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.531.145 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 531 ◽

pp. 145-148

Author(s):

Zong Hua Wang ◽

Yan Li Gao ◽

Jian Fei Xia ◽

Fei Fei Zhang ◽

Yan Zhi Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Hybrid Materials ◽

Model Compound ◽

Carbon Electrode ◽

The Novel ◽

Electron Transfer Process ◽

Efficient Energy ◽

Sandwich Construction ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

A glycyrrhizin decorated graphene hybrid materials (GL-G) was synthesized, which is a layer-to-layer sandwich construction. The results of characterization indicate that a photo induced electron transfer process or efficient energy transferring along the GL-G interface. Furthermore, the as-made hybrid material was used as a modifier of the glassy carbon electrode to construct a sensor (GL-G/GCE). Using p-nitrophenol as a model compound, the novel sensor demonstrated a highly enhanced electrochemical activity for it. The peak current of p-nitrophenol was significantly improved at the sensor.

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Development of highly sensitive fluorescent sensor and fluorescent sensor-doped polymer films for trace amounts of water based on photo-induced electron transfer

Materials Advances ◽

10.1039/d1ma00881a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saori Miho ◽

Takuma Fumoto ◽

Yuta Mise ◽

Keiichi Imato ◽

Seiji Akiyama ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Polymer Films ◽

Fluorescent Sensor ◽

Cyano Group ◽

Phenylboronic Acid ◽

Hydroxymethyl Group ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Water Based ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer ◽

Doped Polymer

Anthracene-(aminomethyl)phenylboronic acid pinacol ester (AminoMePhenylBPin) SM-1 having a cyano group as an electron-withdrawing substituent and a hydroxymethyl group has been developed as a highly sensitive PET (photo-induced electron transfer)-type fluorescent...

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Cavity-promotion by pillar[5]arenes expedites organic photoredox-catalysed reductive dehalogenations

Chemical Communications ◽

10.1039/d1cc03221f ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maximilian Schmidt ◽

Birgit Esser

Keyword(s):

Electron Transfer ◽

Photoredox Catalysis ◽

Photo Induced Electron Transfer

The efficiency of the photo-induced electron transfer in photoredox catalysis is limited by the diffusional collision of the excited catalyst and the substrate. We herein present cavity-bound photoredox catalysts, which...

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