scholarly journals Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the screening of potent swampy/septic odor-causing compounds in two drinking water sources in China

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2458-2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyuan Guo ◽  
Xia Li ◽  
Jianwei Yu ◽  
Haifeng Zhang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Odor Threshold ◽  
Drinking Water Sources ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry

Swampy/septic odors in drinking water are normally triggered by a set of organic compounds with odor threshold concentrations (OTC) ranging from ng L−1to μg L−1.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of gaseous organic compounds emitted from biomass burning using two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1865-1899 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hatch ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
J. F. Pankow ◽  
R. J. Yokelson ◽  
C. E. Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract. The current understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation within biomass burning (BB) plumes is limited by the incomplete identification and quantification of the non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted from such fires. Gaseous organic compounds were collected on sorbent cartridges during laboratory burns as part of the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4) and analyzed by two-dimensional gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToFMS). The sensitivity and resolving power of GC × GC–ToFMS allowed the acquisition of the most extensive data set of BB NMOCs to date, with measurements for 708 positively or tentatively identified compounds. Estimated emission factors (EFs) are presented for these compounds for burns of six different vegetative fuels, including conifer branches, grasses, agricultural residue, and peat. The number of compounds meeting the peak selection criteria ranged from 129 to 474 among individual burns, and included extensive isomer groups. For example, 38 monoterpene isomers were observed in the emissions from coniferous fuels; the isomeric ratios were found to be consistent with those reported in relevant essential oils, suggesting that the composition of such oils may be very useful when predicting fuel-dependent terpene emissions. Further, 11 sesquiterpenes were detected and tentatively identified, providing the first reported speciation of sesquiterpenes in gas-phase BB emissions. The calculated EFs for all measured compounds are compared and discussed in the context of potential SOA formation.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. 29 different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across New Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GD-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC×GC-ToF-MS). 94 % quantification was achieved on average across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were: fuel wood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquified petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2383-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Identification and quantification of gaseous organic compounds emitted from biomass burning using two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (16) ◽  
pp. 23237-23307 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Hatch ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
J. F. Pankow ◽  
R. J. Yokelson ◽  
C. E. Stockwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Identification And Quantification

Abstract. The current understanding of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation within biomass burning (BB) plumes is limited by the incomplete identification and quantification of the non-methane organic compounds (NMOCs) emitted from such fires. Gaseous organic compounds were collected on sorbent cartridges during laboratory burns as part of the fourth Fire Lab at Missoula Experiment (FLAME-4), with analysis by two-dimensional gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC / TOFMS). The sensitivity and resolving power of GC × GC / TOFMS allowed the acquisition of the most extensive data set of BB NMOCs to date, with measurements for 722 positively or tentatively identified compounds. Estimated emission factors (EFs) are presented for these compounds for burns of six different vegetative fuels, including conifer branches, grasses, agricultural residue, and peat. The number of compounds detected from individual burns ranged from 129 to 474, and included extensive isomer groups. For example, 38 monoterpene isomers were observed in the emissions from coniferous fuels; the isomeric ratios were found to be consistent with those reported in relevant essential oils, suggesting that the composition of such oils may be very useful when predicting fuel-dependent terpene emissions. Further, eleven sesquiterpenes were detected and tentatively identified, providing the first reported speciation of sesquiterpenes in gas-phase BB emissions. The calculated EFs for all measured compounds are compared and discussed in the context of potential SOA formation.

scholarly journals Volatilizable Biogenic Organic Compounds (VBOCs) with two dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC <b>×</b> GC-TOFMS): sampling methods, VBOC complexity, and chromatographic retention data

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Pankow ◽  
W. Luo ◽  
A. N. Melnychenko ◽  
K. C. Barsanti ◽  
L. M. Isabelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Chromatographic Retention ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Air Samples ◽  
Cedrus Atlantica ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Primary Column

Abstract. Two dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) with detection by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) was applied in the rapid analysis of air samples containing highly complex mixtures of volatilizable biogenic organic compounds (VBOCs). VBOC analytical methodologies are briefly reviewed, and optimal conditions are discussed for sampling with both adsorption/thermal desorption (ATD) cartridges and solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers. Air samples containing VBOC emissions from leaves of two tree species (Cedrus atlantica and Calycolpus moritzianus) were obtained by both ATD and SPME. The optimized gas chromatographic conditions utilized a 45 m, 0.25 mm I.D. low-polarity primary column (DB-VRX, 1.4 μm film) and a 1.5 m, 0.25 mm I.D. polar secondary column (StabilwaxTM, 0.25 μm film). Excellent separation was achieved in a 36 min temperature programmed GC × GC chromatogram. Thousands of VBOC peaks were present in the sample chromatograms; hundreds of tentative identifications by NIST mass spectral matching are provided. Very few of the tentatively identified compounds are currently available as authentic standards. Minimum detection limit values for a 5 l ATD sample were 3.5 pptv (10 ng m−3) for isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone, and methacrolein, and ~1.5 pptv (~10 ng m−3) for monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes. Kovats-type chromatographic retention index values on the primary column and relative retention time values on the secondary column are provided for 21 standard compounds and for 417 tentatively identified VBOCs. 19 of the 21 authentic standard compounds were found in one of the Cedrus atlantica SPME samples. In addition, easily quantifiable levels of at least 13 sesquiterpenes were found in an ATD sample obtained from a branch enclosure of Calycolpus moritzianus. Overall, the results obtained via GC × GC-TOFMS highlight an extreme, and largely uncharacterized diversity of VBOCs, consistent with the hypothesis that sesquiterpenes and other compounds beyond the current list of typically determined VBOC analytes may well be important contributors to global atmospheric levels of organic particulate matter.

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