Ultrafast SET-LRP in biphasic mixtures of the non-disproportionating solvent acetonitrile with water

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (38) ◽  
pp. 5930-5942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mojtaba Enayati ◽  
Ryan L. Jezorek ◽  
Rauan B. Smail ◽  
Michael J. Monteiro ◽  
Virgil Percec
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Regime ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Biphasic Mixture ◽  
Catalyzed Polymerization

The two kinetic regime, low conversion and low chain end functionality seen in copper catalyzed polymerization of acrylates in acetonitrile was transformed into a SET-LRP kinetic, to complete conversion and quantitative chain end functionality in a biphasic mixture containing 10% water.

Complete conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to mixed organic acids and ethylene glycol via cascade steps

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 2427-2436
Author(s):  
Jifeng Pang ◽  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Changzhi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Lignocellulosic Biomass ◽  
Cascade Reaction ◽  
Complete Conversion

A cascade reaction strategy was used to convert lignin and hemicellulose into organic acids, and cellulose into ethylene glycol.

scholarly journals Selective hydrogenation of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural to 5-methylfurfural over single atomic metals anchored on Nb2O5

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaopeng Li ◽  
Minghua Dong ◽  
Junjuan Yang ◽  
Xiaomeng Cheng ◽  
Xiaojun Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Hydrogenation ◽  
Function Theory ◽  
Density Function Theory ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Dft Studies ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Hydroxymethyl Furfural ◽  
Metal Atoms ◽  
Direct Hydrogenation ◽  
Reaction Result

Abstract5-Methylfurfural (MF) is a very useful chemical. Selective hydrogenation of biomass platform molecule 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) to MF using H2 as the reducing agent is very attractive, but challenging because hydrogenation of C=O bond in HMF is more favourable than C–OH both kinetically and thermodynamically, and this route has not been realized. In this work, we prepare isolated single atomic catalysts (SACs) Pt1/Nb2O5-Ov, Pd1/Nb2O5-Ov, and Au1/Nb2O5-Ov, in which single metal atoms are supported on oxygen defective Nb2O5 (Nb2O5-Ov). It is discovered that the SACs can efficiently catalyze the hydrogenation of HMF to MF using H2 as the reducing agent with MF selectivity of >99% at complete conversion, while the selectivities of the metal nanocatalysts supported on Nb2O5 are very poor. A combination of experimental and density function theory (DFT) studies show that the unique features of the SACs for the reaction result from the cooperation of the Nb and Pt sites near the interface in the Pt1/Nb2O5-Ov. The Pt atoms are responsible for the activation of H2 and the Nb sites activate C-OH in the reaction. This work opens the way for producing MF by direct hydrogenation of biomass-derived HMF using H2 as the reductant.

Monoradically luminescent polymers by a super acid-catalyzed polymerization and deep-red electroluminescence

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (9) ◽  
pp. 1214-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kebin An ◽  
Guohua Xie ◽  
Shaolong Gong ◽  
Zhanxiang Chen ◽  
Xiang Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luminescent Polymers ◽  
Super Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Catalyzed Polymerization

Transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone over supported Ni catalysts

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (64) ◽  
pp. 59753-59761 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Hengne ◽  
B. S. Kadu ◽  
N. S. Biradar ◽  
R. C. Chikate ◽  
C. V. Rode
Keyword(s):  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Complete Conversion ◽  
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation ◽  
Ni Catalysts ◽  
Catalytic Transfer ◽  
Supported Ni Catalysts ◽  
Supported Ni

A bifunctional Ni/MMT catalyst for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone with complete conversion and selectivity.

scholarly journals Beam instabilities in a magnetized pair plasma

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAXIM LYUTIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Kinetic Regime ◽  
Pulsar Magnetosphere ◽  
Pair Plasma ◽  
Electron Positron ◽  
Pulsar Radiation ◽  
Radiation Generation ◽  
Field Lines ◽  
Beam Instabilities

Beam instabilities in the strongly magnetized electron–positron plasma of a pulsar magnetosphere are considered. We analyse the resonance conditions and estimate the growth rates of the Cherenkov and cyclotron instabilities of the ordinary (O), extraordinary (X) and Alfvén modes in two limiting regimes: kinetic and hydrodynamic. The importance of the different instabilities as a source of coherent pulsar radiation generation is then estimated, taking into account the angular dependence of the growth rates and the limitations on the length of the coherent wave–particle interaction imposed by the curvature of the magnetic field lines. We conclude that in the pulsar magnetosphere, Cherenkov-type instabilities occur in the hydrodynamic regime, while cyclotron-type instabilities occur in the kinetic regime. We argue that electromagnetic cyclotron-type instabilities on the X, O and probably Alfvén waves are more likely to develop in the pulsar magnetosphere.

Three-component photopolymer based on a novel mechanism: acid-catalyzed polymerization and decoupling of crosslinks

1994 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koji Kamenosono ◽  
Kazuhiko Naitoh ◽  
Syun-ichi Kondo ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Tsuguo Yamaoka
Keyword(s):  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Catalyzed Polymerization

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Initial Stages in the Bis(π-crotylnickel iodide)-Catalyzed Polymerization of Butadiene

1976 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. I. Klepikova ◽  
G. B. Erusalimskii ◽  
M. I. Lobach ◽  
L. A. Churlyaeva ◽  
V. A. Kormer
Keyword(s):  
Kinetics And Mechanism ◽  
Catalyzed Polymerization
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