Z-Selective Still-Gennari and Ando modifications of the typically E selective Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction are highly valuable synthetic tools in organic chemistry. These procedures are based on application of bis-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphonates or diaryl phosphonates, respectively, for the olefination of carbonyl groups. In our research, we present an improved, straightforward, purification-free procedure for the synthesis of these reagents. The key step of our procedure is the reaction of phosphonic dichlorides with the appropriate sodium alkoxides, which results in 52-97% isolated yields of the desired products on a gram scale. The whole 3-step process is performed in one pot. Most importantly the product is obtained in over 95% purity after simple extraction, avoiding column chromatography or distillation. Moreover, we present synthesis of a novel Still-Gennari type reagents, bis (1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoroisopropyl) phosphonates, which may exhibit improved Z-selectivity in Still-Gennari olefinations.
Indirect Reduction of CO2 and Recycling of Polymers by Manganese-Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation of Amides, Carbamates, Urea Derivatives, and Polyurethanes
