scholarly journals The metabolism of cholecalciferol in the liver of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with particular reference to the effects of oestrogen

1979 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Nicholson ◽  
M Akhtar ◽  
T G Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Liver Homogenates ◽  
Egg Shell ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

1. Studies were carried out in vitro with the livers of Japanese quail that had been fed from hatching on diets supplying their full requirements for vitamin D. 2. 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol was the major metabolite when liver homogenates of egg-laying female and oestrogen-treated quail of both sexes were incubated with [3H]cholecalciferol. 3. Very little 25-hydroxycholecalciferol was generated from liver homogenates of adult male and immature quail. Instead the cholecalciferol was converted into one or more compounds less polar than 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and into a number of highly polar metabolites, some of which were water-soluble. 4. Oestrogen not only stimulated the 25-hydroxylation of cholecalciferol but also protected both cholecalciferol and 25-hydroxycholecalciferol from degradation by the enzymic pathways active in immature and male birds. 5. These actions of oestrogen may be of physiological significance in relation to the high requirements of laying birds for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol to support the intense metabolism of calcium associated with egg-shell calcification.

PATHWAYS FOR ANDROGEN SYNTHESIS IN VITRO BY THE TESTES OF JAPANESE QUAIL (COTURNIX COTURNIX JAPONICA)

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAKAO NAKAMURA ◽  
YUICHI TANABE
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Microsomal Fraction ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Androgen Synthesis ◽  
Metabolic Products

SUMMARY The microsomal fraction of testicular tissue from Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) was incubated with 4-14C-labelled pregnenolone, progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone and [7-3H]17α-hydroxypregnenolone in a medium containing either NAD or NADPH. The metabolic products were identified by their mobilities on thin-layer chromatograms, derivative formation after oxidation and acetylation of the metabolites, and recrystallization to constant specific activity. Three pathways for testosterone formation by the testes are suggested by the results: the first via progesterone, 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione; the second via 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione; and the third via 17α-hydroxypregnenolone, dehydroepiandrosterone and androst-5-ene-3β,17β-diol.

Changes in testosterone metabolism by the brain and cloacal gland during sexual maturation in the Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica)

1984 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Balthazart ◽  
M. Schumacher
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Testosterone Metabolism ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Very High ◽  
Cloacal Gland

ABSTRACT Testosterone metabolism in the brain and pituitary and cloacal glands of male and female Japanese quail was studied in vitro during sexual maturation (from 1 day to 5 weeks after hatching). The production of 5α-dihydrotestosterone in the hyperstriatum and cloacal gland and that of androstenedione in the cloacal gland of males was highest at 1 day after hatching, which could be related to the peak of plasma androgens previously demonstrated in neonatal quail. 5β-Reductase activity was very high in the brain, but not the pituitary or cloacal glands of young chicks and decreased markedly, especially in the hypothalamus, during sexual maturation. As 5β-reduced metabolites of testosterone are inactive androgens, it is suggested that the decrease of 5β-reductase activity with age corresponds to a potentiation of the effects of testosterone at the level of the brain. J. Endocr. (1984) 100, 13–18

scholarly journals The Effect of Different Foam Concentrations on Sperm Motility in Japanese Quail

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avishek Biswas ◽  
O. S. Ranganatha ◽  
Jag Mohan
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Motility ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Sperm Survival ◽  
Foam Production ◽  
Cloacal Gland

A study was conducted to determine the effect of foam extract on sperm motility in the male Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Adult male quails (12 weeks) of heavy body weight strain were housed in individual cages and divided into 5 groups according to the size of their cloacal glands. The data indicated that the size of the cloacal gland was positively correlated with the frequency of foam secretion and total foam production. One gram of freshly collected clean foam was mixed with 1.0 mL of normal saline and homogenized for 10 minutes. After centrifugation at 35 000 rpm, the supernatant was used as 100% foam extract. The extract was diluted to 1:40, 1:20, 1:10, and 1:4 with normal saline to produce 2.5, 5.0, 10, and 25% foam extracts, respectively. 5% foam extract enhanced sperm survival at room temperature (30°–35°C) for 2 to 3 hrs, whereas higher concentrations (10% and above) suppressed sperm motility. From this study, it may be concluded that foam secretion and quantity of foam are directly proportional to the size of the cloacal gland and that the foam enhances and prolongs sperm motility, in vitro at an optimum concentration of 5%.

Different mechanisms controlling FSH and LH release in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica): evidence for an inherently spontaneous release and production of FSH

1986 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hattori ◽  
S. Ishii ◽  
M. Wada
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Coturnix Japonica ◽  
Hypothalamic Extract ◽  
Coturnix Coturnix ◽  
Lh Release ◽  
Initial Content ◽  
The Difference ◽  
First Time

ABSTRACT Plasma concentration of FSH and LH and their content in the adenohypophyses of Japanese quail were estimated by homologous radioimmunoassays based on chicken hormones. The results consistently showed that the plasma concentration of FSH was slightly higher than that of LH, although the FSH content in the adenohypophysis was much lower than that of LH in immature, mature and acutely photostimulated quail. These results prompted experiments in vitro to determine whether the difference was intrinsic. Adenohypophyses were collected and each cut mid-sagittally into two halves; one half was incubated for 20 h with or without chicken hypothalamic extract, and the medium was changed every 1 or 2 h to estimate the FSH and LH released. The other half served to estimate the initial content of FSH and LH in the adenohypophysis. The amount of FSH released was three times more than the original content even when adenohypophyses were incubated without hypothalamic extract, and the residual FSH content in the pituitary after 20 h of incubation was equal to the initial FSH content. In contrast, under the same incubation conditions, little LH was released and the residual LH content was decreased. When hypothalamic extract was added to the medium, LH release was enhanced sixfold compared with the control, whereas the increase in FSH was less than twofold. Spontaneous FSH release was markedly decreased in a Ca2+-deficient incubation medium, suggesting that the release was not due to leakage but to an active secretion mechanism. We therefore suggest, for the first time, that the release and production of FSH are largely autonomous, whereas release and production of LH are rigidly controlled and regulated by the releasing hormone in avian species. J. Endocr. (1986) 108, 239–245

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