Effects of P-Chlorophenoxyisobutyrate on Free Fatty Acid Mobilization from Canine Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue In Situ

1976 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. E. Miller ◽  
O. D. Mjøs ◽  
M. F. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The mechanism whereby p-chlorophenoxyisobutyrate (CPIB) lowers plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations has been studied in dogs by measuring the associated changes in adipose tissue metabolism. 2. CPIB lowered arterial concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids during isoprenaline infusion by a mean value of 41%. 3. This was accompanied by a proportionate decrease (45%) in the release of non-esterified fatty acids from subcutaneous adipose tissue in situ, and by a lesser reduction (22%) in that of glycerol. 4. Adipose tissue blood flow was unchanged by CPIB. 5. These findings indicate that the lowering effect of CPIB on non-esterified fatty acid concentrations derives principally from decreased mobilization rather than from increased tissue uptake of the fatty acids, and that this reflects both inhibited lipolysis and enhanced re-esterification of the fatty acids in adipose tissue.

Effect of Noradrenaline on Glycerol Turnover and Lipolysis in the Whole Body and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Humans in Vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kurpad ◽  
K. Khan ◽  
A. G. Calder ◽  
S. Coppack ◽  
K. Frayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Noradrenaline Infusion ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The effect of infusion of noradrenaline (0.42 μmol min−1 kg−1) on the exchange of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and other metabolites across subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was investigated in five healthy subjects using an arteriovenous catheterization technique and measurement of adipose tissue blood flow using the 133Xe clearance technique. At the same time, the net rate of fat oxidation in the whole body was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and the turnover of glycerol in the whole body and in subcutaneous adipose tissue was estimated using [5-2H]glycerol, which was administered as a primed constant infusion for 1 h before (basal turnover) noradrenaline administration and continued during the 1 h of noradrenaline infusion. 2. The noradrenaline infusion increased the plasma noradrenaline concentration from a basal value of 0.9 ± 0.1 to 12.6 ± 1.2 nmol/(mean ± SEM) at 60 min. It also increased the arterialized concentration of glycerol by 50% (basal value 81 ± 11/μmol/l−1) and that of plasma non-esterified fatty acids three-fold (basal value 357 ± 86 μmol/l). 3. Noradrenaline increased the net release of glycerol by adipose tissue three-fold and that of non-esterified fatty acids three- to four-fold. Although the ratio of non-esterified fatty acid to glycerol release by adipose tissue increased in all subjects from a mean value of 2.7 in the basal period to 3.6 and 3.9 at 50 and 60 min of the noradrenaline infusion, respectively (P < 0.02), at no time point did the ratio differ significantly from 3.0 4. Noradrenaline increased the estimated rate of appearance of glycerol in the whole body from a basal value of 1.5 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.3 μmol min−1 kg−1 body weight, and the net rate of triacylglycerol oxidation from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.13 μmol min−1 kg−1. The enrichment of glycerol in venous blood draining adipose tissue was two-fold lower than that predicted from the net addition of glycerol to the blood in the basal period (P < 0.02). 5. This study provides a direct demonstration of a ‘hormone’ stimulating lipolysis in human adipose tissue in viva The effect of noradrenaline in significantly increasing the ratio of non-esterified fatty acid to glycerol release by adipose tissue may be partly explained by accumulation in adipose tissue of diacylglycerol, which is associated with release of non-esterified fatty acids but not glycerol. Finally, since the low enrichment of glycerol in venous blood draining adipose tissue cannot be entirely explained by the net addition of glycerol in adipose tissue, there must be exchange between enriched glycerol in blood and unenriched glycerol in adipose tissue. This raises questions about the accuracy of glycerol turnover studies, which are typically carried out over 1 h.

Effect of training on epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis determined by microdialysis in human adipose tissue

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (6) ◽  
pp. E1059-E1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stallknecht ◽  
L. Simonsen ◽  
J. Bulow ◽  
J. Vinten ◽  
H. Galbo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Physical Work ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Epinephrine Infusion ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Trained humans (Tr) have a higher fat oxidation during submaximal physical work than sedentary humans (Sed). To investigate whether this reflects a higher adipose tissue lipolytic sensitivity to catecholamines, we infused epinephrine (0.3 nmol.kg-1.min-1) for 65 min in six athletes and six sedentary young men. Glycerol was measured in arterial blood, and intercellular glycerol concentrations in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue were measured by microdialysis. Adipose tissue blood flow was measured by 133Xe-washout technique. From these measurements adipose tissue lipolysis was calculated. During epinephrine infusion intercellular glycerol concentrations were lower, but adipose tissue blood flow was higher in trained compared with sedentary subjects (P < 0.05). Glycerol output from subcutaneous tissue (Tr: 604 +/- 322 nmol.100 g-1.min-1; Sed: 689 +/- 203; mean +/- SD) as well as arterial glycerol concentrations (Tr: 129 +/- 36 microM; Sed: 119 +/- 56) did not differ between groups. It is concluded that in intact subcutaneous adipose tissue epinephrine-stimulated blood flow is enhanced, whereas lipolytic sensitivity to epinephrine is the same in trained compared with untrained subjects.

scholarly journals Total Forearm Blood Flow as an Indicator of Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow: Effect of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow

1994 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 559-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
M. A. van Baak ◽  
G. J. Kemerink ◽  
M. T. W. Pakbiers ◽  
G. A. K. Heidendal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Forearm Blood Flow ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. In studying forearm skeletal muscle substrate exchange, an often applied method for estimating skeletal muscle blood flow is strain gauge plethysmography. A disadvantage of this method is that it only measures total blood flow through a segment of forearm and not the flow through the individual parts such as skin, adipose tissue and muscle. 2. In the present study the contribution of forearm subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was evaluated in lean (% body fat 17.0 ± 2.2) and obese males (% body fat 30.9 ± 1.6) during rest and during infusion of the non-selective β-agonist isoprenaline. Measurements were obtained of body composition (hydrostatic weighing), forearm composition (magnetic resonance imaging) and of total forearm (venous occlusion plethysmography), skin (skin blood flow, laser Doppler), and subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow (133Xe washout technique). 3. The absolute forearm area and the relative amount of fat (% of forearm area) were significantly higher in obese as compared to lean subjects, whereas the relative amounts of muscle and skin were similar. 4. During rest, the percentage contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly higher in lean compared with obese subjects (19 vs 12%, P < 0.05), whereas there were no differences in percentage contribution between both groups during isoprenaline infusion (10 vs 13%). Furthermore, the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow was significantly lower during isoprenaline infusion than during rest in lean subjects (P < 0.05), whereas in the obese this value was similar during rest and during isoprenaline infusion. 5. In conclusion, although the overall contribution of adipose tissue blood flow to total forearm blood flow seems to be relatively small, the significance of this contribution may vary with degree of adiposity. Calculations on the contribution of adipose tissue blood flow and SBF to total forearm blood flow indicate that the contribution of non-muscular flow to total forearm blood flow may be of considerable importance and may amount in lean subjects to 35–50% of total forearm blood flow in the resting state.

Early development of lipogenesis in genetically obese (ob/ob) mice

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (4) ◽  
pp. E265-E265 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Metabolic Abnormalities ◽  
Hepatic Lipogenesis ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Old Mice

This study was designed to sequence the earliest metabolic abnormalities associated with the development of obesity in the obese hyperglycemic mouse (C57BL/6J ob/ob). In situ lipogenesis was measured with 3H2O in fetuses at day 19 of gestation and in 5-, 10-, 15-, and 35-day-old mice. Preobese 15-day-old animals were identified on the basis of rectal hypothermia. The earliest increased accumulation of fatty acids was observed in the carcass of 15-day-old preobese animals (ob/ob) compared to their lean littermates (+/?) and known lean controls (+/+). The increased carcass lipogenesis in these animals was accompanied by an increase in plasma insulin concentration. Weaned 35-day-old obese animals showed a significant increase in hepatic and subcutaneous adipose tissue lipogenesis, plasma insulin, and glucose values when compared to their littermates (+/?). The results indicate that increased carcass lipogenesis, hyperinsulinemia, and hypothermia appear between days 10 and 15 and that these abnormalities precede the hyperglycemia and increased hepatic lipogenesis observed in the mature ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Capacity and Hypoxic Response of Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Blood Flow in Humans

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1501-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilkka Heinonen ◽  
Jukka Kemppainen ◽  
Kimmo Kaskinoro ◽  
Juhani Knuuti ◽  
Robert Boushel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Hypoxic Response ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Angiotensin II: a major regulator of subcutaneous adipose tissue blood flow in humans

2006 ◽  
Vol 571 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Goossens ◽  
S. E. McQuaid ◽  
A. L. Dennis ◽  
M. A. Van Baak ◽  
E. E. Blaak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Adipose Tissue Blood Flow ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose
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