scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: I. Development and Description of the Pause Marker

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Classification System ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Cross Classification ◽  
Classification Procedures

Purpose The goal of this article (PM I) is to describe the rationale for and development of the Pause Marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay. Method The authors describe and prioritize 7 criteria with which to evaluate the research and clinical utility of a diagnostic marker for childhood apraxia of speech, including evaluation of the present proposal. An overview is given of the Speech Disorders Classification System, including extensions completed in the same approximately 3-year period in which the PM was developed. Results The finalized Speech Disorders Classification System includes a nosology and cross-classification procedures for childhood and persistent speech disorders and motor speech disorders (Shriberg, Strand, & Mabie, 2017). A PM is developed that provides procedural and scoring information, and citations to papers and technical reports that include audio exemplars of the PM and reference data used to standardize PM scores are provided. Conclusions The PM described here is an acoustic-aided perceptual sign that quantifies one aspect of speech precision in the linguistic domain of phrasing. This diagnostic marker can be used to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech from speech delay.

scholarly journals Estimates of the Prevalence of Speech and Motor Speech Disorders in Youth With 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane L. Baylis ◽  
Lawrence D. Shriberg
Keyword(s):  
22Q11.2 Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Deletion Syndrome ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
22Q11.2 Deletion ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Speech Motor

Purpose Speech sound disorders and velopharyngeal dysfunction are frequent features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q). We report the first estimate of the prevalence of motor speech disorders (MSDs) in youth with 22q. Method Seventeen children and adolescents with 22q completed an assessment protocol that included a conversational speech sample. Data reduction included phonetic transcription, perceptual speech ratings, prosody-voice coding, and acoustic analyses. Data analyses included 3 motor speech measures and a cross-classification analytic. Prevalence estimates of speech and MSDs in youth with 22q were compared with estimates in speakers with other complex neurodevelopmental disorders: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome, and galactosemia. Results Results indicated that 58.8% of the participants with 22q met criteria for speech delay, and 82.4% of the participants met criteria for MSDs, including 29.4% with speech motor delay, 29.4% with childhood dysarthria, 11.8% with childhood apraxia of speech, and 11.8% with concurrent childhood dysarthria and childhood apraxia of speech. MSDs were not significantly associated with velopharyngeal dysfunction. Conclusions In summary, 82.4% of the participants with 22q met criteria for 1 of 4 MSDs, predominantly speech motor delay and childhood dysarthria. Cross-validation of the present findings would support viewing MSDs as a core phenotypic feature of 22q.

Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment—A Treatment for Childhood Apraxia of Speech and Other Pediatric Motor Speech Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 821-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia McCabe ◽  
Donna Claire Thomas ◽  
Elizabeth Murray
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Core Features

Purpose Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a speech disorder that many generalist speech-language pathologists feel underqualified to treat. For children with CAS, this may result in ad hoc interventions resulting in slower progress. Research evidence for various CAS treatments is primarily limited to single-case experimental design studies; however, two treatments (Rapid Syllable Transition Treatment [ReST] and the Nuffield Dyspraxia Programme, Third Edition) have been compared in a single randomized controlled trial. Conclusion This tutorial describes one of those treatments: ReST which was designed to address the three consensus core features of CAS simultaneously: consistency and accuracy of sounds, sequencing, and prosody. The treatment uses nonwords to help children build and store accurate motor plans and programs using principles of motor learning. Treatment data are described, and commonly reported clinical issues are discussed. Recommendations for which children may be suitable for ReST and for evidence-based practice are described.

Visualizing the Knowledge Domain of Motor Speech Disorders: A Scientific Review (2000-2019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 563-588
Author(s):  
Huili Wang ◽  
Shurong Zhang ◽  
Xueyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Knowledge Domain ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Scientific Review ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Motor Delay ◽  
Speech Characteristics

Abstract This review visualizes the knowledge domain of motor speech disorders (MSDs) in linguistics between 2000 and 2019 by means of scientometric methods. With topic searches, the study collected 869 bibliographic records and 20, 411 references from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) of Thomson Reuter. The clustered and visualized document co-citation network of the MSDs knowledge domain in CiteSpace identifies 15 research foci in different periods, including apraxia of speech, acoustics, children, technology, aphemia, childhood apraxia of speech, primary progressive aphasia, speech motor delay, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, rhythm, foreign accent syndrome, phonation, phonological awareness, dose and speech perception. Revolving around linguistics, these foci could be divided into studies on speech characteristics of MSDs in terms of phonology and phonetics, remedies for MSDs in terms of neurolinguistics and acoustic phonetics, dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases based on pathological linguistics, subtypes of apraxia of speech, methods of MSDs based on auditory phonetics and a newly recognized subtype of MSDs. Meanwhile, the emerging trends of MSDs in linguistics are detected by the analysis of reference citation bursts, suggesting growing research in remedies for MSDs with the focus on assessments and effectiveness of treatments, speech characteristics and indexes of dysarthria secondary to neurological diseases and assistance to diagnose apraxia of speech. To sum up, the review has indicated that the acoustic measures to assess MSDs and acoustic remedies for dysarthria may not only be the past foci but also be future trends.

scholarly journals Atraso motor de fala não especificado: revisão integrativa

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2249108480
Author(s):  
Gabriela Brum dos Santos ◽  
Marileda Barichello Gubiani ◽  
Leticia Arruda Nóro ◽  
Helena Bolli Mota
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor Control ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Sound Disorder ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Speech Motor

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o atraso motor de fala não especificado, como ele é avaliado e ainda como se diferencia de outras desordens motoras da fala. Estratégia de pesquisa: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura. Realizou-se a busca nas bases SciELO, PubMed, Medine e Scopus no mês de novembro de 2019. Para as quatro bases foram utilizados os seguintes construtos e descritores: “motor speech disorders” OR “childhood apraxia of speech” OR “childhood apraxia of speech cas” OR “developmental dyspraxia” OR “speech sound disorder” AND “speech motor control”, além da utilização de dois filtros: sujeitos até 18 anos e humanos. Critérios de seleção: Artigos publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol foram incluídos, sendo ou não de periódicos de acesso livre. Foram excluídos artigos que não estavam relacionados ao atraso motor de fala não especificado e estudos de revisão de literatura. Resultados: Foram encontrados56 artigos nas bases de dados, sendo 33 da base Scopus, 19 da PubMed, 3 da SciElo e 1 da Medline. Após análise e seleção pelos critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 14 estudos. Posteriormente a leitura integral dos artigos, 8 estudos foram excluídos, pois não respondiam as perguntas norteadoras da pesquisa, obtendo-se um n de 6 estudos. Conclusão: Muitas crianças com atraso significativo na fala são diagnosticadas erroneamente, sendo o DMS-NOS a desordem de maior prevalência na infância.

The Labeling Problem in Aphasia

1986 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey L. Holland ◽  
Davida Fromm ◽  
Carol S. Swindell
Keyword(s):  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Poor Agreement ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Primary Problem

Twenty-five "experts" on neurogenic motor speech disorders participated in a tutorial exercise. Each was given information on M, a patient who had communication difficulties as the result of stroke, and asked to complete a questionnaire about his problem. The information included a detailed case description, an audiotape of M's speech obtained at 4, 9, 13, and 17 days post-stroke, and test results from the Western Aphasia Battery, the Token Test, and a battery for apraxia of speech. The experts were in excellent agreement on M's primary problem, although it was called by seven different names. The experts were in poor agreement on his secondary problem(s), e.g., the presence and type of aphasia and dysarthria. The results suggest that labeling is difficult, even for "experts." Furthermore, the practicing clinician needs to be sensitive to the likelihood of more than one coexisting problem.

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: IV. The Pause Marker Index

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Marker Index ◽  
Speech Prosody ◽  
Stability Data

Purpose Three previous articles provided rationale, methods, and several forms of validity support for a diagnostic marker of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS), termed the pause marker (PM). Goals of the present article were to assess the validity and stability of the PM Index (PMI) to scale CAS severity. Method PM scores and speech, prosody, and voice precision-stability data were obtained for participants with CAS in idiopathic, neurogenetic, and complex neurodevelopmental disorders; adult-onset apraxia of speech consequent to stroke and primary progressive apraxia; and idiopathic speech delay. Three studies were completed including criterion and concurrent validity studies of the PMI and a temporal stability study of the PMI using retrospective case studies. Results PM scores were significantly correlated with other signs of CAS precision and stability. The best fit of the distribution of PM scores to index CAS severity was obtained by dividing scores into 4 ordinal severity classifications: mild, mild-moderate, moderate-severe, and severe. Severity findings for the 4 classifications and retrospective longitudinal findings from 8 participants with CAS supported the validity and stability of the PMI. Conclusion Findings support research and clinical use of the PMI to scale the severity of CAS.

scholarly journals Motor Speech Disorders and Communication Limitations in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
Rene L. Utianski ◽  
Farwa Ali ◽  
Hugo Botha ◽  
Jennifer L. Whitwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Speech Disorders ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Prosodic Features ◽  
Motor Speech ◽  
Motor Speech Disorders ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Communicative Effectiveness

Purpose This study describes motor speech disorders and associated communication limitations in six variants of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). Method The presence, nature, and severity of dysarthria and apraxia of speech (AOS) were documented, along with scores on the Apraxia of Speech Rating Scale–Version 3 (ASRS-3) for 77 (40 male and 37 female) patients with PSP. Clinician-estimated and patient-estimated communication limitations were rated using the Motor Speech Disorders Severity Rating (MSDSR) Scale and the Communicative Effectiveness Survey (CES), respectively. Descriptive statistics were calculated for each of these dependent variables. One-tailed t tests were conducted to test mean differences in ASRS-3 and CES between participants with and without AOS and between participants with and without dysarthria. Spearman rank correlations were calculated between ASRS-3 scores and clinical judgments of AOS and dysarthria severity and between MSDSR and CES ratings. Results Nine participants (12%) had normal speech. Eighty-seven percent exhibited dysarthria; hypokinetic and mixed hypokinetic–spastic dysarthria were observed most frequently. AOS was observed in 19.5% of participants across all variants, but in only 10% exclusive of the PSP speech and language variant. Nearly half presented with AOS in which neither phonetic nor prosodic features clearly predominated. The mean ASRS-3 score for participants with AOS was significantly higher than for those without and correlated strongly with clinician judgment of AOS severity. Mean ASRS-3 was higher for participants with dysarthria than for those without but correlated weakly with dysarthria severity. Mean MSDSR and CES ratings were lower in participants with AOS compared to those without and moderately correlated with each other. Conclusions Motor speech disorders that negatively impact communicative effectiveness are common in PSP and occur in many variants. This is the first description of motor speech disorders across PSP variants, setting the stage for future research characterizing neuroanatomical correlates, progression of motor speech disorders, and benefits of targeted interventions. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14111837

scholarly journals A Diagnostic Marker to Discriminate Childhood Apraxia of Speech From Speech Delay: Introduction

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D. Shriberg ◽  
Edythe A. Strand ◽  
Marios Fourakis ◽  
Kathy J. Jakielski ◽  
Sheryl D. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Apraxia Of Speech ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
Childhood Apraxia Of Speech

Purpose The goal of this article is to introduce the pause marker (PM), a single-sign diagnostic marker proposed to discriminate early or persistent childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) from speech delay.

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