The sternalis muscle: an uncommon anatomical variant among Taiwanese

AbstractRectus sternalis muscle, either unilateral or bilateral is an uncommon anatomical variant among the anterior chest wall muscles. During the routine dissection as a part of undergraduate medical teaching in the department of Anatomy, a unilateral rectus sternalis muscle was noticed on the right hemi thorax in one cadaver, located adjacent to the sternum between the pectoralis major muscle and the superficial fascia of the region. Though rare in occurrence, when present, rectus sternalis muscle demands proper awareness and attention by the clinicians especially radiologists and surgeons, as the ignorance of the existence of this muscle may lead to misinterpretation, incorrect diagnosis and unnecessary clinical interventions. Such anatomical variations should be borne in mind while doing radiological investigations, radiotherapy and surgical procedures in the chest region.

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Rectus sternalis muscle - a rare anatomical variant

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401698 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 41-43

Author(s):

Veena Vidya Shankar ◽

Rahe Rajan ◽

Komala Nanjundaiah ◽

Sheshgiri Chowdapurkar

Keyword(s):

Chest Wall ◽

Surgical Procedures ◽

Anterior Chest Wall ◽

Breast Mass ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Medial Side ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right ◽

Sternalis Muscle ◽

Diagnostic Investigations

AbstractThe Rectus Sternalis muscle is an unusual muscle that is observed on the anterior chest wall. The origin of this muscle is a highly debated variation of the pectoral musculature. We report a case of an abnormal vertically placed muscle - The rectus sternalis muscle, on the right medial side of the anterior chest wall of a male cadaver aged about 80 years. The abnormal presence of this muscle can be misdiagnosed as a breast mass on a routine mammogram. The advantage is its role in reconstruction flap surgeries. Hence knowledge of such an anatomical variant should be kept in mind during diagnostic investigations and surgical procedures.

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Pseudo-endocarditis secondary to ruptured posteromedial papillary muscle with anatomical variation: A Case Report

International Journal of Case Reports ◽

10.28933/ijcr-2020-11-0105 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

Myocardial Infarction ◽

Mitral Valve ◽

Papillary Muscle ◽

Anatomical Variation ◽

Low Grade ◽

Papillary Muscle Rupture ◽

Atypical Chest Pain ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Muscle Rupture ◽

Mitral Valve Vegetation

Myocardial infarction is the leading cause of papillary muscle rupture. This complication occurs in up to 5% of cases post MI and although rare, it constitutes a cardiac emergency if left untreated. On this basis, a 59-year-old male presented with low-grade fever and atypical chest pain with raised inflammatory markers and troponin levels. He was treated for infective endocarditis after echocardiography revealed a mass on the mitral valve, which was presumed to be a mitral valve vegetation and so he completed a 6-weeks course of antibiotics followed by elective mitral valve replacement surgery. During surgery, it was discovered that there was no endocarditis. Instead an unusually small muscle head of one of the posteromedial papillary muscle groups had ruptured secondary to an inferior myocardial infarction. This ruptured muscle head was highly mobile and mimicked a mitral valve vegetation. The mitral valve was successfully repaired, and the right coronary artery grafted. He made a full recovery but developed new-onset atrial fibrillation for which he is awaiting elective cardioversion. One should have a high index of suspicion for diagnosing papillary muscle rupture as it may mimic valvular vegetation on echocardiography, especially if the papillary muscle involved is an anatomical variant.

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Cor triatriatum dexter, a very rare congenital anomaly presented in a complex pathological context – case presentation

Acta Medica Marisiensis ◽

10.2478/amma-2014-0035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 60 (4) ◽

pp. 160-162

Author(s):

Liliana Gozar ◽

Cristina Blesneac ◽

Rodica Toganel

Keyword(s):

Congenital Anomaly ◽

Cytomegalovirus Infection ◽

Cor Triatriatum ◽

Anatomical Feature ◽

Renal Anomalies ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Case Presentation ◽

Congenital Cytomegalovirus ◽

Rare Congenital Anomaly ◽

Cor Triatriatum Dexter

Abstract Background Cor triatriatum dexter is an extremely rare congenital anomaly, and in most cases, without hemodynamic significance. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection is the most common viral infection, the majority of infected infants being asymptomatic and only 5-15% being symptomatic in the neonatal period. Case report We present the case of a female infant, aged 3 months. Clinical examination reveals cranial and facial anomalies. The karyotype was normal. Laboratory tests revealed the presence of anti-CMV antibodies in urine. Imaging studies showed cerebral and renal anomalies. Echocardiographic exam revealed a congenital anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance - cor triatriatum dexter. Conclusions although cytomegalovirus infection is mostly asymptomatic, it can present as a complex pathological association, in which a congenital cardiac anatomical feature without hemodynamic significance, considered by some authors as an anatomical variant, can appear

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Anatomical variant of cystic duct drainage

ANZ Journal of Surgery ◽

10.1111/ans.16934 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Bhavik Patel

Keyword(s):

Cystic Duct ◽

Anatomical Variant

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Innervation of the lower third of the sternocleidomastoid muscle by the ansa cervicalis through the C1 descendens hypoglossal branch: a previously unreported anatomical variant

British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

10.1016/j.bjoms.2015.01.005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (5) ◽

pp. 470-471 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J.N. St.J. Blythe ◽

J. Matharu ◽

W.J. Reuther ◽

P.A. Brennan

Keyword(s):

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Ansa Cervicalis

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Triple Conjoined Nerve Root—An Unreported Anatomical Variant and Its Surgical Implications

Indian Journal of Neurosurgery ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1713056 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (03) ◽

pp. 215-218

Author(s):

Kelly Gassie ◽

Krishnan Ravindran ◽

Gazanfar Rahmathulla ◽

H. Gordon Deen

Keyword(s):

Nerve Root ◽

Root Anatomy ◽

Neurological Injury ◽

Herniated Disc ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Nerve Root Injury ◽

Root Injury ◽

Conjoined Nerve Roots ◽

High Degree ◽

Conjoined Nerve Root

AbstractConjoined nerve roots are an infrequent and uncommon finding, rarely noted preoperatively. The conjoined root anomaly has potential for significant neurological injury during surgery. Preoperative recognition may avert disastrous nerve root injury but requires a high degree of clinical suspicion. We present the case of a 44-year-old patient with left L5/S1 radiculopathy caused by a herniated disc. During surgery we identified a triple conjoined nerve root anatomy. This anatomical variant, to our knowledge, has not been reported in literature. We describe the anatomical findings and surgical implications.

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Renal lobar dysmorphism: a potential mimic of renal malignancy

BMJ Case Reports ◽

10.1136/bcr-2020-237096 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. e237096

Author(s):

Derek Barry Hennessey ◽

Adrian B Brady ◽

Rhona Dempsey ◽

Kenneth Patterson

Keyword(s):

Normal Tissue ◽

Renal Mass ◽

Intravenous Urography ◽

Renal Ultrasound ◽

Apparent Mass ◽

Radiological Imaging ◽

Radiological Findings ◽

Anatomical Variant ◽

Scrotal Swelling

A renal pseudotumour is any apparent renal mass that simulates a tumour on radiological imaging but is composed of normal tissue. Renal pseudotumours may be inflammatory, vascular, postsurgical or congenital. We report a case of renal lobar dysmorphism (RLD) of the kidney, a congenital renal pseudotumour. A 45-year-old man presented with scrotal swelling. Testicular ultrasound showed an epididymal cyst. Renal ultrasound showed a right solid renal apparent mass of 2.4 cm in diameter. Triphasic renal CT showed this was consistent with RLD. Intravenous urography confirmed a central calyx within the dysmorphic lobe. RLD is a rare congenital normal anatomical variant, which can appear as a renal pseudotumour. No further investigation or intervention is necessary. We present the radiological findings of RLD and review the literature.

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