Power transformers play an important role in electrical systems; being considered the core of electric power transmissions and distribution networks, the owners and users of these assets are increasingly concerned with adopting reliable, automated, and non-invasive techniques to monitor and diagnose their operating conditions. Thus, monitoring the conditions of power transformers has evolved, in the sense that a complete characterization of the conditions of oil–paper insulation can be achieved through dissolved gas analysis (DGA) and furan compounds analysis, since these analyses provide a lot of information about the phenomena that occur in power transformers. The Duval triangles and pentagons methods can be used with a high percentage of correct predictions compared to the known classical methods (key gases, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Rogers, Doernenburg ratios), because, in addition to the six types of basic faults, they also identify four sub-types of thermal faults that provide important additional information for the appropriate corrective actions to be applied to the transformers. A new approach is presented based on the complementarity between the analysis of the gases dissolved in the transformer oil and the analysis of furan compounds, for the identification of the different faults, especially when there are multiple faults, by extending the diagnosis of the operating conditions of the power transformers, in terms of paper degradation. The implemented software system based on artificial neural networks was tested and validated in practice, with good results.
Optimal converter control for PV-fed DC and AC interconnection by using hybrid artificial neural networks
