Two Current Systems in the Preliminary Phase of Sudden Commencements in the Magnetosphere

The geomagnetic variations of the preliminary impulse (PI) of the sudden commencement (SC) are known to show a time delay of the peak displacement and longer duration time in the higher latitudes in the pre-noon and post-noon sectors of the polar region. This peculiar behavior of the PI geomagnetic variation is associated with temporal deformation of the ionospheric PI field-aligned current (FAC) distribution into a crescent shape; its lower-latitude edge extends toward the anti-sunward direction, and its higher-latitude edge almost stays on the same longitude near noon. Numerical simulations revealed that the deformation of the FAC distribution is derived from different behaviors of the two PI current systems. The first current system consists of the FAC connected to the PI FAC in the lower latitude side of the ionosphere, the cross-magnetopause current, and the magnetosheath current (type L current system). The cross-magnetopause current is the inertia current generated in the acceleration front of the solar wind due to the sudden compression of the magnetosheath. Thus, the longitudinal speed of the type L current system in the ionosphere is the solar wind speed in the magnetosheath projected into the ionosphere. In contrast, the PI current system connected to the PI FAC at higher latitude (type H current system) consists of the upward/downward FAC in the pre-noon/post-noon sector, respectively, and dawn-to-dusk field-perpendicular current (FPC) along the dayside magnetopause. The dawn-to-dusk FPC moves to the higher latitudes in the outer magnetosphere over time. The FAC of the type H current system is converted from the FPC due to convergence of the return FPC heading toward the sunward direction in the outer magnetosphere; the return FPC is the inertia current driven by the magnetospheric plasma flow associated with compression of the magnetopause behind the front region of the accelerated solar wind. The acceleration front spreads concentrically from the subsolar point. Consequently, as the return FPC is converted to the FAC of the type H current system, it does not move much in the longitudinal direction over time because the dawn-to-dusk FPC of the type H current system moves to the higher latitudes. Therefore, the high-latitude edge of the PI current distribution in the ionosphere moves only slightly. Finally, we clarified that the FPC-FAC conversion of the type L current system mainly occurs in the region where the Alfvén speed starts to increase toward the Earth. A region with a steep gradient of the Alfvén speed like the plasmapause is not always necessary for conversion from the FPC to the FAC. We also suggest the possible field-aligned structure of the standing Alfvén wave that may occur in the PI phase.

Prosodic Phrasing and Syllable Prominence in Spoken Prose. A Validated Coding Manual

Current systems for predicting prosodic prominence and boundaries in texts focus on syntax/semantic-based automatic decoding of sentences that need to be annotated syntactically (Atterer & Klein 2002; Windmann et al. 2011). However, to date, there is no phonetically validated replicable system for manually coding prosodic boundaries and syllable prominence in longer sentences or texts. Based on work in the fields of metrical phonology (Liberman & Prince 1977), phrase formation (Hayes 1989) and existing pause coding systems (Gee and Grosjean 1983), we developed a manual for coding prosodic boundaries (with 6 degrees of juncture) and syllable prominence (8 degrees). Three independent annotators applied the coding system to the beginning pages of four German novels and to four short stories (20 058 syllables, Fleiss kappa .82). For the phonetic validation, eight professional speakers read the excerpts of the novels aloud. We annotated the speech signal automatically with MAUS (Schiel 1999). Using PRAAT (Boersma & Weenink 2019), we extracted pitch, duration, and intensity for each syllable, as well as several phonetic parameters for pauses, and compared all measures obtained to the theoretically predicted levels of syllable prominence and prosodic boundary strength. The validation with the speech signal shows that our annotation system reliably predicts syllable prominence and prosodic boundaries. Since our annotation works with plain text, there are many potential applications of the coding system, covering research on prose rhythm, synthetic speech and (psycho)linguistic research on prosody.

Development of a Range of Modified Multifunctional Residual Current Systems and Their Industrial Implementation

The developments of the AltSTU have been reviewed in the area of creating a new technology for preventing technogenic hazards based on the residual current devices. The residual current devices are intended for protecting people from electric shock in case of contact with conductive parts of the electric appliances and shall facilitate reduction of fire risks caused by a prolonged flow of leakage currents and fault currents resulting from them. The results of creating different modifications of protective trip circuits and their industrial use are provided.

Device Hopping

Existing OS techniques for homogeneous many-core systems make it simple for single and multithreaded applications to migrate between cores. Heterogeneous systems do not benefit so fully from this flexibility, and applications that cannot migrate in mid-execution may lose potential performance. The situation is particularly challenging when a switch of language runtime would be desirable in conjunction with a migration. We present a case study in making heterogeneous CPU + GPU systems more flexible in this respect. Our technique for fine-grained application migration, allows switches between OpenMP, OpenCL, and CUDA execution, in conjunction with migrations from GPU to CPU, and CPU to GPU. To achieve this, we subdivide iteration spaces into slices, and consider migration on a slice-by-slice basis. We show that slice sizes can be learned offline by machine learning models. To further improve performance, memory transfers are made migration-aware. The complexity of the migration capability is hidden from programmers behind a high-level programming model. We present a detailed evaluation of our mid-kernel migration mechanism with the First Come, First Served scheduling policy. We compare our technique in a focused evaluation scenario against idealized kernel-by-kernel scheduling, which is typical for current systems, and makes perfect kernel to device scheduling decisions, but cannot migrate kernels mid-execution. Models show that up to 1.33× speedup can be achieved over these systems by adding fine-grained migration. Our experimental results with all nine applicable SHOC and Rodinia benchmarks achieve speedups of up to 1.30× (1.08× on average) over an implementation of a perfect but kernel-migration incapable scheduler when migrated to a faster device. Our mechanism and slice size choices introduce an average slowdown of only 2.44% if kernels never migrate. Lastly, our programming model reduces the code size by at least 88% if compared to manual implementations of migratable kernels.

Obstacles to domestic and foreign investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: معوقات الاستثمار المحلي والأجنبي في المملكة العربية السعودية

The study aimed to identify the importance of local and foreign investment in the development of the national economy, determine the extent of the difference between local and foreign investors towards the obstacles they face in investments, reveal the obstacles to domestic and foreign investment in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, and identify the most important factors that contribute to finding optimal solutions to these obstacles. And the difficulties, the researcher relied on the use of the descriptive approach, and the target community was determined to consist of all local and foreign investors in the city of Riyadh, where the hypotheses of the study were weak legislation related to competition from legal and technological obstacles to local and foreign investment in Saudi Arabia, not providing that structure from legal and technological obstacles Local and foreign investment in Saudi Arabia, and low transparency and flexibility in the application of these laws are among the regulatory obstacles to local and foreign investment in Saudi Arabia. The results of the study showed weak legislation related to competition, lack of infrastructure for investment projects, low transparency in the application of regulations and the necessary inflexibility when implementing them, and some conflicting Current systems with systems As for foreign investment, the lack of incentives to invest in remote areas, the delay in disbursing dues to government agencies, and the length of customs exemption procedures, the study recommended increasing attention to competition-related legislation, providing the necessary infrastructure for investment projects, interest of government agencies in disbursing dues on time, transparency and flexibility in Applying investment laws and regulations, and providing investment facilities to investors in remote areas.

BatchBMD as an Efficient and Accurate Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry Report Generator

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is the gold standard for evaluating Bone Mineral Density (BMD); however, a typical BMD report is generated in a time-inefficient manner and is prone to error. We developed a rule-based automated reporting system, BatchBMD, that accelerates DXA reporting while improving its accuracy over current systems. BatchBMD generates a structured report, customized to the specific clinical purpose. To compare BatchBMD to a Web-based Reporting (WBR) system for efficiency and accuracy, 500 examinations were randomly chosen from those performed at the Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital from January to March 2021. The final assessment included all 2326 examinations conducted from September 2020 to March 2021. The average reporting times were 6.7 and 10.8 minutes for BatchBMD and the WBR system, respectively, while accuracy was 99.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Most of the errors made by BatchBMD were digit errors in the appendicular skeletal muscle index. After correcting this, 100% accuracy across all 2326 examinations was validated. This automated and accurate BMD reporting system significantly reduces report production workload for radiologists and technicians while increasing productivity and quality. Additionally, the portable software, which employs a simple framework, can reduce deployment costs in clinical practice.

Analysis of Overcurrent Safety in Miniature Circuit Breaker with Alternating Current

In the utilization of solar energy, the equipment used includes Photovoltaic Cells, solar charging controls, batteries, protection devices, and other measuring devices. This solar power generation system is the name of a system that can convert solar energy into electric power. This solar power plant used in buildings is referred to as the Solar Building System (SBS). To perfect this solar power generation system, it is necessary to manage the electric power protection system. The protection system in this solar power plant includes the use of Miniature Circuit Breakers (MCB). This Miniature Circuit Breaker is a tool for overcurrent protection in alternating current systems and direct current systems. In order to obtain a good protection system for this solar power plant, a study was conducted on the use of a miniature circuit breaker that is effective for a certain type of current. The research method used is the use of alternating current and direct current miniature circuit breakers in alternating current circuits. Observations and recordings were carried out, so that the obtained results were quite significantly different in their use. From the results of the study, it was found that the Miniature alternating current circuit breaker has better characteristics in alternating current circuits, when compared to direct current miniature circuit breakers.

What Makes Learning Analytics Research Matter

The ongoing changes and challenges brought on by the COVID-19 pandemic have exacerbated long-standing inequities in education, leading many to question basic assumptions about how learning can best benefit all students. Thirst for data about learning is at an all-time high, sometimes without commensurate attention to ensuring principles this community has long valued: privacy, transparency, openness, accountability, and fairness. How we navigate this dynamic context is critical for the future of learning analytics. Thinking about the issue through the lens of JLA publications over the last eight years, we highlight the important contributions of “problem-centric” rather than “tool-centric” research. We also value attention (proximal or distal) to the eventual goal of closing the loop, connecting the results of our analyses back to improve the learning from which they were drawn. Finally, we recognize the power of cycles of maturation: using information generated about real-world uses and impacts of a learning analytics tool to guide new iterations of data, analysis, and intervention design. A critical element of context for such work is that the learning problems we identify and choose to work on are never blank slates; they embed societal structures, reflect the influence of past technologies; and have previous enablers, barriers and social mediation acting on them. In that context, we must ask the hard questions: What parts of existing systems is our work challenging? What parts is it reinforcing? Do these effects, intentional or not, align with our values and beliefs? In the end what makes learning analytics matter is our ability to contribute to progress on both immediate and long-standing challenges in learning, not only improving current systems, but also considering alternatives for what is and what could be. This requires including stakeholder voices in tackling important problems of learning with rigorous analytic approaches to promote equitable learning across contexts. This journal provides a central space for the discussion of such issues, acting as a venue for the whole community to share research, practice, data and tools across the learning analytics cycle in pursuit of these goals.

Anti-Static: Overcoming Suburbia through Kinetic spaces

<p>Problem: Anti-Static critiques economically driven development that is exclusive of the natural environment creating uninspiring places comparable to low density urban environments. It proposes a new system of building, using motion of traditionally static elements, that encourages flexibility of space, sharing, and achieves higher densities and better connections to the natural context. Location: A strong reliance on vehicular transport and the ‘Pavlova Paradise’, or quarter-acre dream mind-set has created a sprawling built environment and inflexible building stock that threatens to engulf the landscape. Queenstown is an extreme example of this condition; intense pressure to develop is resisted by a need to protect the beautiful environment that attracts nearly two million visitors annually. Current solutions look to satellite towns, but this poses many issues regarding increased infrastructure use and environmental degradation. Aims and Objectives: This thesis applies the system to propose new standards for upwards and inwards development that focuses on sequestering integrated public open space. The theoretical component of this thesis argues for the intertwining of an objective and subjective theory: ‘Biophilia’ and ‘Picturesque Beauty’. It is argued that ‘picturesque beauty’, a visual style that appreciates natural composition, is strengthened by the contemporary theory of Biophilia, which states that people are intrinsically drawn to natural processes. The aims of this thesis are to develop a way of improving density, desirability and environmental performance of the suburban environment. It also aims to encourage an effective engagement with, integration into and connection to the natural environment. These aims are achieved by firstly establishing a case for environmental reintegration, understanding the benefits, requirements and visual theory so that it may be integrated effectively, secondly by researching and interrogating current systems from dense environments that improve efficiency through motion within buildings, establishing their context, intention and effectiveness, thirdly by designing and implementing a system that improves the spatial variety, environmental connection and efficiency through an iterative process, finally by testing the design in a comparative masterplan to an existing development and commenting on the success based on the established criteria.</p>