scholarly journals Supernovae from massive stars with extended tenuous envelopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 612 ◽  
pp. A61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Dessart ◽  
Sung-Chul Yoon ◽  
Eli Livne ◽  
Roni Waldman
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Reverse Shock ◽  
Halo Structure ◽  
Deposited Energy ◽  
Dense Shell ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Binary Evolution

Massive stars with a core-halo structure are interesting objects for stellar physics and hydrodynamics. Using simulations for stellar evolution, radiation hydrodynamics, and radiative transfer, we study the explosion of stars with an extended and tenuous envelope (i.e. stars in which 95% of the mass is contained within 10% or less of the surface radius). We consider both H-rich supergiant and He-giant progenitors resulting from close-binary evolution and dying with a final mass of 2.8–5 M⊙. An extended envelope causes the supernova (SN) shock to brake and a reverse shock to form, sweeping core material into a dense shell. The shock-deposited energy, which suffers little degradation from expansion, is trapped in ejecta layers of moderate optical depth, thereby enhancing the SN luminosity at early times. With the delayed 56Ni heating, we find that the resulting optical and near-IR light curves all exhibit a double-peak morphology. We show how an extended progenitor can explain the blue and featureless optical spectra of some Type IIb and Ib SNe. The dense shell formed by the reverse shock leads to line profiles with a smaller and near-constant width. This ejecta property can explain the statistically narrower profiles of Type IIb compared to Type Ib SNe, as well as the peculiar Hα profile seen in SN 1993J. At early times, our He-giant star explosion model shows a high luminosity, a blue colour, and featureless spectra reminiscent of the Type Ib SN 2008D, suggesting a low-mass progenitor.

scholarly journals Angular momentum transport in massive stars and natal neutron star rotation rates

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 4338-4355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linhao Ma ◽  
Jim Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Slow Rotation ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Rotation Rates ◽  
Rotation Periods ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Binary Evolution

Abstract The internal rotational dynamics of massive stars are poorly understood. If angular momentum (AM) transport between the core and the envelope is inefficient, the large core AM upon core-collapse will produce rapidly rotating neutron stars (NSs). However, observations of low-mass stars suggest an efficient AM transport mechanism is at work, which could drastically reduce NS spin rates. Here, we study the effects of the baroclinic instability and the magnetic Tayler instability in differentially rotating radiative zones. Although the baroclinic instability may occur, the Tayler instability is likely to be more effective for AM transport. We implement Tayler torques as prescribed by Fuller, Piro, and Jermyn into models of massive stars, finding they remove the vast majority of the core’s AM as it contracts between the main-sequence and helium-burning phases of evolution. If core AM is conserved during core-collapse, we predict natal NS rotation periods of $P_{\rm NS} \approx 50\!-\!200 \, {\rm ms}$, suggesting these torques help explain the relatively slow rotation rates of most young NSs, and the rarity of rapidly rotating engine-driven supernovae. Stochastic spin-up via waves just before core-collapse, asymmetric explosions, and various binary evolution scenarios may increase the initial rotation rates of many NSs.

scholarly journals The VLT-FLAMES survey of massive stars: NGC 346-013 as a test case for massive close binary evolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 537 ◽  
pp. A29 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. W. Ritchie ◽  
V. E. Stroud ◽  
C. J. Evans ◽  
J. S. Clark ◽  
I. Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Massive Stars ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Test Case ◽  
Binary Evolution ◽  
Massive Close Binary

scholarly journals Evolutionary and pulsational properties of low-mass white dwarf stars with oxygen cores resulting from close binary evolution

2004 ◽  
Vol 347 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Althaus ◽  
A. H. Córsico ◽  
A. Gautschy ◽  
Z. Han ◽  
A. M. Serenelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Dwarf ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Dwarf Stars ◽  
White Dwarf Stars ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Binary Evolution

scholarly journals Low–Mass He WDs and Millisecond Pulsars Age Determination

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 631-632
Author(s):  
J. Antipova ◽  
Ene Ergma ◽  
M. J. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Neutron Stars ◽  
Orbital Period ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Orbital Parameters ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Binary Evolution ◽  
Red Giant

It is accepted that the formation of a millisecond binary pulsar (MBP) with a low–mass companion may be explained as the end–point of close binary evolution in which an old pulsar is spun–up by accretion from the red giant (Bhattacharaya & van den Heuvel 1991). In this paper we shall discuss the cooling properties of the helium white dwarfs (WD) in short orbital period MBP systems PSR J0437–4715, PSR J0751+1807 and PSR J1012+5307, without referring to the rotational history of neutron stars (NS).Below we discuss observational data for several system for which the results of our calculations (Sarna, Antipova, & Muslimov 1998; Sarna, Ergma, & Antipova 1999) may be applied, by taking into account the orbital parameters of the system, the pulsar spin-down time, and the WD cooling time-scale.

scholarly journals Helium white dwarf cooling in PSR J0751+1807 and PSR J1012+5307

2000 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 637-640
Author(s):  
Ene Ergma ◽  
J. Antipova ◽  
M. J. Sarna
Keyword(s):  
Orbital Period ◽  
White Dwarf ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Cooling History ◽  
Dipole Radiation ◽  
Spin Period ◽  
Binary Pulsars ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Binary Evolution

It is accepted that formation of a binary millisecond (or recycled) pulsar with a low–mass companion may be explained as the end–point of close binary evolution in which an old pulsar is spun–up by accretion from the secondary (Alpar et al., 1982). After detachment from the Roche lobe, the pulsar spin period starts to change due to magneto–dipole radiation and the white dwarf begins to cool down. In this paper we shall discuss the cooling history of helium core low–mass white dwarfs in the short orbital period millisecond binary pulsars PSR J0751+1807 and PSR J1012+5307 (Ergma, Sarna, & Antipova 1999).

scholarly journals Evolutionary roads leading to low effective spins, high black hole masses, and O1/O2 rates for LIGO/Virgo binary black holes

2020 ◽  
Vol 636 ◽  
pp. A104 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Belczynski ◽  
J. Klencki ◽  
C. E. Fields ◽  
A. Olejak ◽  
E. Berti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Angular Momentum ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Momentum Transport ◽  
High Mass ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Angular Momentum Transport ◽  
Efficient Transport ◽  
Binary Evolution ◽  
Merger Rate

All ten LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BH-BH) coalescences reported following the O1/O2 runs have near-zero effective spins. There are only three potential explanations for this. If the BH spin magnitudes are large, then: (i) either both BH spin vectors must be nearly in the orbital plane or (ii) the spin angular momenta of the BHs must be oppositely directed and similar in magnitude. Then there is also the possibility that (iii) the BH spin magnitudes are small. We consider the third hypothesis within the framework of the classical isolated binary evolution scenario of the BH-BH merger formation. We test three models of angular momentum transport in massive stars: a mildly efficient transport by meridional currents (as employed in the Geneva code), an efficient transport by the Tayler-Spruit magnetic dynamo (as implemented in the MESA code), and a very-efficient transport (as proposed by Fuller et al.) to calculate natal BH spins. We allow for binary evolution to increase the BH spins through accretion and account for the potential spin-up of stars through tidal interactions. Additionally, we update the calculations of the stellar-origin BH masses, including revisions to the history of star formation and to the chemical evolution across cosmic time. We find that we can simultaneously match the observed BH-BH merger rate density and BH masses and BH-BH effective spins. Models with efficient angular momentum transport are favored. The updated stellar-mass weighted gas-phase metallicity evolution now used in our models appears to be key for obtaining an improved reproduction of the LIGO/Virgo merger rate estimate. Mass losses during the pair-instability pulsation supernova phase are likely to be overestimated if the merger GW170729 hosts a BH more massive than 50 M⊙. We also estimate rates of black hole-neutron star (BH-NS) mergers from recent LIGO/Virgo observations. If, in fact. angular momentum transport in massive stars is efficient, then any (electromagnetic or gravitational wave) observation of a rapidly spinning BH would indicate either a very effective tidal spin up of the progenitor star (homogeneous evolution, high-mass X-ray binary formation through case A mass transfer, or a spin- up of a Wolf-Rayet star in a close binary by a close companion), significant mass accretion by the hole, or a BH formation through the merger of two or more BHs (in a dense stellar cluster).

scholarly journals Black Hole Disk Accretion in Supernovae

1998 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 243-244
Author(s):  
H. Nomura ◽  
S. Mineshige ◽  
M. Hirose ◽  
K. Nomoto ◽  
T. Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Disk Accretion ◽  
Reverse Shock ◽  
Particle Hydrodynamics ◽  
Smoothed Particle ◽  
Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Method ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Low Mass

Massive stars in a certain mass range (20 – 40M⊙) may form low mass black holes after supernova explosions. In such massive stars, fall back of ~ 0.1M⊙ materials onto a black hole is expected due to a deep gravitational potential or a reverse shock propagating back from the outer composition interface. We study hydrodynamical disk accretion onto a new-born low mass black hole in a supernova using the SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics) method.

scholarly journals X-ray and UV emission of the ultrashort-period, low-mass eclipsing binary system BX Trianguli

2018 ◽  
Vol 619 ◽  
pp. A138
Author(s):  
V. Perdelwitz ◽  
S. Czesla ◽  
J. Robrade ◽  
T. Pribulla ◽  
J. H. M. M. Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Binary System ◽  
Light Curve ◽  
Binary Systems ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Close Binary ◽  
Eclipsing Binary ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Uv Emission ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Orbital Modulation

Context.Close binary systems provide an excellent tool for determining stellar parameters such as radii and masses with a high degree of precision. Due to the high rotational velocities, most of these systems exhibit strong signs of magnetic activity, postulated to be the underlying reason for radius inflation in many of the components. Aims.We extend the sample of low-mass binary systems with well-known X-ray properties. Methods.We analyze data from a singular XMM-Newton pointing of the close, low-mass eclipsing binary system BX Tri. The UV light curve was modeled with the eclipsing binary modeling tool PHOEBE and data acquired with the EPIC cameras was analyzed to search for hints of orbital modulation. Results.We find clear evidence of orbital modulation in the UV light curve and show that PHOEBE is fully capable of modeling data within this wavelength range. Comparison to a theoretical flux prediction based on PHOENIX models shows that the majority of UV emission is of photospheric origin. While the X-ray light curve does exhibit strong variations, the signal-to-noise ratio of the observation is insufficient for a clear detection of signs of orbital modulation. There is evidence of a Neupert-like correlation between UV and X-ray data.

scholarly journals The Circumstellar Environment of Embedded Massive Stars

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 143-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee G. Mundy ◽  
Friedrich Wyrowski ◽  
Sarah Watt
Keyword(s):  
Massive Star ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Low Mass Stars ◽  
Submillimeter Wavelength ◽  
Star Forming ◽  
Star Forming Regions ◽  
Low Mass ◽  
Circumstellar Environments ◽  
Near Future

Millimeter and submillimeter wavelength images of massive star-forming regions are uncovering the natal material distribution and revealing the complexities of their circumstellar environments on size scales from parsecs to 100’s of AU. Progress in these areas has been slower than for low-mass stars because massive stars are more distant, and because they are gregarious siblings with different evolutionary stages that can co-exist even within a core. Nevertheless, observational goals for the near future include the characterization of an early evolutionary sequence for massive stars, determination if the accretion process and formation sequence for massive stars is similar to that of low-mass stars, and understanding of the role of triggering events in massive star formation.

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