This article provides information on the utilization and development of colloidal formulations based on organic potassium citrate, an alternative, environmentally friendly composite fluid that can support the drilling and production of oil and gas wells. The activity started with a laboratory-scale literature study, the formulation and modification of organic potassium citrate, testing the characteristics and performance of liquids, and improving advanced formulations. This completion fluid based on organic potassium citrate has high solubility and good stability to other pollutant particles. The colloidal organic salt system based on potassium citrate is an alternative function of the replenishment fluid (pressure holding fluid) for cleaning/deepening oil and gas wells. Currently, widely used composite fluids are chloride (Cl-), bromide (Br-), nitrate (NO3-), phosphate (PO4-), and cesium formate. However, these salt solutions are highly corrosive and are not environmentally friendly. The swelling test and the corrosion rate test are carried out using different fluids (i.e., KCl slurry, NaCl polymer, and colloidal organic citrate). The test results show that when the test is performed at room temperature for 16 hours, the organic citrate fluid's swelling rate is lower than 10%, and the KCl and NaCl sludge is higher than 20%. The result of a seven days corrosion test at 350oF is that the citric acid organic liquid is lower than 10 mpy, while KCl and NaCl are higher than 50 mpy. This completion fluid formulation based on organic citrate salts is a new type of completion fluid that has the following specifications: density up to (1.80), corrosion rate (3.19 mpy) @ 248-350oF, pH (6-8), resistance to extreme temperature, turbidity (7 NTU), a swelling rate below 10%, and has good compatibility with formation water. Also, potassium citrate organic salts can be degraded efficiently, making them safe for the environment.
The Analysis of Fluid Pressure Impact on String Force and Deformation in Oil and Gas Wells
