scholarly journals Automation with renewable energy to optimize the exploitation of water supply networks in Ninh Thuan province

2018 ◽  
Vol 193 ◽  
pp. 02001
Author(s):  
Anh Tuan Vo ◽  
Lien Huong Mai ◽  
Huynh Thuy Ngan Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Hydraulic Power ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Power Generator ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Pressure Reducing Valve

The research that was conducted on the water supply network of Phan Rang city, Ninh Thuan province, is aimed at using renewable energy to optimize the management and reduce the water loss. The research has conducted DMA (District Metering Area) setup, construction and installation of flow meter and pressure reducing valve chamber for flow and pressure control with active pressure regulation, and the use of hydraulic power generator to generate power at the site. Research results provide management agencies, in particular, water supply companies, with optimal solutions in network management and energy saving, reducing the amount of water loss effectively, thereby increasing revenue and saving clean water - precious resources are gradually depleted.

scholarly journals Quadratic head loss approximations for optimisation problems in water supply networks

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pecci ◽  
Edo Abraham ◽  
Ivan Stoianov
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Solution Space ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Multiple Parameters ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relative Errors ◽  
Quadratic Approximations

This paper presents a novel analysis of the accuracy of quadratic approximations for the Hazen–Williams (HW) head loss formula, which enables the control of constraint violations in optimisation problems for water supply networks. The two smooth polynomial approximations considered here minimise the absolute and relative errors, respectively, from the original non-smooth HW head loss function over a range of flows. Since quadratic approximations are used to formulate head loss constraints for different optimisation problems, we are interested in quantifying and controlling their absolute errors, which affect the degree of constraint violations of feasible candidate solutions. We derive new exact analytical formulae for the absolute errors as a function of the approximation domain, pipe roughness and relative error tolerance. We investigate the efficacy of the proposed quadratic approximations in mathematical optimisation problems for advanced pressure control in an operational water supply network. We propose a strategy on how to choose the approximation domain for each pipe such that the optimisation results are sufficiently close to the exact hydraulically feasible solution space. By using simulations with multiple parameters, the approximation errors are shown to be consistent with our analytical predictions.

scholarly journals Analysis of Water Losses and Assessment of Initiatives Aimed at Their Reduction in Selected Water Supply Systems

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Ociepa ◽  
Maciej Mrowiec ◽  
Iwona Deska
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Water Supply Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Loss Index ◽  
Water Meters

This paper presents the analysis and assessment of water losses in water distribution systems of three water supply companies operating water supply networks in the area of effect of underground mining. The analysis of water losses was conducted based on numerous indices allowing for obtaining objective information on the condition of the water supply system. The method of the analysis of percentage water loss index was extended by the methods of determination of losses according to the International Water Association. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that with regular actions, the companies have reduced water losses in recent years to a level considered to be good compared to national data and average compared to international standards. The value of the failure intensity index for all companies in 2011 was over 1.0 while currently it is about 0.5. The decrease in Non-Revenue Water basic loss index (NRWB) from more than 20% for all analysed companies in 2008 to a few percent in 2017 and the decrease in Infrastructure Leakage Index (ILI) for companies A and C to less than 2.0 are evidence of the good condition of the network. This is also confirmed by the unit water loss index per capita, with its value in 2017 being 9.1 dm3/(inhabitant day) for company A, 11 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for B and 7.4 dm3/(inhabitant·day) for C. The several years of analysis and evaluation of numerous indices of water loss presented in the paper reveals the effectiveness of the adopted strategies of reducing leakages in the distribution system. It should be emphasized that the analysed companies have been involved in comprehensive initiatives aimed at reducing water leakages, resulting in a substantial reduction in water losses. GIS monitoring systems and databases are particularly helpful in reducing water losses. The basis of the activities is monitoring of flow and pressure in water supply networks and active leakage control. Network zoning with simultaneous observation of minimum night-time flows allows for preliminary location of the failure. Equipping companies with special leakage detection devices such as geophones, stethophones or correlators enables quick detection of leakages. The next step is to replace water meters with more and more accurate ones and to implement radio reading of water meters. All analysed companies perform systematic replacement of old steel and cast iron pipes which cause a large number of leakages that are often difficult to identify, thus leading to water losses.

scholarly journals Impact of Pressure-Driven Demand on Background Leakage Estimation in Water Supply Networks

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazeem B. Adedeji ◽  
Yskandar Hamam ◽  
Adnan M. Abu-Mahfouz
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Hydraulic Modeling ◽  
Leakage Detection ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks ◽  
Background Leakage ◽  
Nodal Pressure ◽  
Pressure Driven

Increasing water demand due to urbanization creates a need to develop schemes for managing water supply networks (WSNs). In recent years, hydraulic modeling of WSNs has been used to assess the state of networks in terms of leakage analysis and pressure control. These models are based on demand-driven modeling (DDM) analysis and pressure-driven modeling (PDM) analysis. The former assumes that the nodal demand is fulfilled consistently regardless of the nodal pressure head. The latter appraises the demand as a function of the available pressure head at the nodes. In a previous paper by Adedeji et al. (2017), an algorithm was presented for background leakage detection and estimation in WSNs. The results demonstrated that the algorithm allows the detection of critical pipes and the indication of the nodes where such critical pipes are located for possible pressure control. However, such an algorithm assumes a demand-driven condition of WSNs. In this paper, a pressure-driven modeling is integrated into the developed algorithm with emphasis on its impact on the background leakage estimate. The results obtained are compared to the demand-driven analysis using two WSNs as case studies. The results presented, which consider pipe and node levels, demonstrate that the reliance of the nodal demand on the available pressure head at the node influences the magnitude of the background leakage flow. It is conceived that this investigation might be crucial for the background leakage estimation while considering WSNs operating under pressure-deficient conditions. In this paper, the solution time for both simulation scenarios is also presented.

scholarly journals Utilization of Water Supply Networks for Harvesting Renewable Energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariush Fooladivanda ◽  
Alejandro D. Dominguez-Garcia ◽  
Peter W. Sauer
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Supply Networks ◽  
Water Supply Networks
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