STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF A WATER INTAKE FACILITY FOR MOUNTAIN AND SUBMOUNTAIN RIVERS

Introduction: The rate of urbanization is currently high. Therefore, it is important to use various elements and devices for water intake and water supply. Purpose of the study: We aimed to consider and analyze the structural features of a water intake facility for mountain and submountain rivers. Methods: In the course of the study, we used the synergistic research principle and statistical analysis. We analyzed the types of water supply networks at mountain rivers and identified the features of water intakes at water sources of this type. Results: A description of water intake features under flood conditions in the Amur Region, exemplified by the Bureya River, was obtained. The mountain rivers have an uneven runoff, which fluctuates not only throughout the year but also throughout the day. The water supply of the mountain and submountain areas shapes the idea of hydrological control over the regime of the mountain rivers. This paper will help to study changes in the average water inflow over the years and thus facilitate an accurate and detailed description of the water inflow characteristics in the Bureya reservoir when planning the water-energy modes of the hydroelectric power plant.

APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELS AND ALGORYTHMS FOR THE WATER SOURCES CONSUMPTION PLANNING AND FORECASTING

Рассматриваются математические и информационные методы эффективного прогнозирования потребления водных ресурсов. Произведены расчёты водопотребления по типовому административному зданию. Предложенные материалы представляют интерес для широкого круга специалистов, занимающихся разработкой экономико-математических моделей и повышением эффективности при планировании водных ресурсов в сфере жилищно-коммунального хозяйства. Прогнозирование осуществлялось с помощью регрессионных методов Forward Regression и Backward Elimination, включающих в себя как линейные, так и множественные нелинейные подходы анализа данных. Отдельное внимание было уделено сравнению действительных и прогнозируемых показаний. В ходе работы были выявлены наиболее релевантные алгоритмы, которые позволили произвести достаточно точную оценку водопотребления, что считается одной из основных задач водоснабжения и управления водопроводными сетями. В ходе исследования было установлено, что корректность прогнозируемых результатов в равной степени зависит как от количества исходных данных, на основе которых производится построение моделей, так и от количества дней, на которое производится прогнозирование. В случае выборки данных в 255 исходных и 116 прогнозируемых дней наиболее вероятные значения были получены регрессионными методами прямого и обратного отбора переменных. Проведённый анализ позволил указать причины появления ошибок при использовании данных методов. На основе достоверности расчётных показаний можно говорить о востребованности и пригодности изученных методов среди информационных систем на промышленных и жилищно-коммунальных объектах. Комплексный подход оптимизирует процесс планирования и повышает точность прогнозируемых значений суточного водопотребления в пределах жилищных микрорайонов, что сегодня является исключительно важным аспектом в сфере водоснабжения и управления водопроводными сетями This article discusses mathematical and informational methods for effective forecasting of water consumption. We calculated the water consumption for a typical administrative building. The materials proposed in the article are of interest to a wide range of specialists working on the development of economic and mathematical models and increasing the efficiency of housing and communal companies. We carried out the prediction using regression methods - Forward Regression and Backward Elimination, which include both linear and multiple nonlinear approaches to data analysis. We paid special attention to the comparison of actual and predicted readings. In the course of the work, we identified the most relevant algorithms, which allowed us to make a fairly accurate assessment of water consumption, which is an extremely important aspect in the field of water supply and management of water supply networks. In the course of the study, we found that the correctness of the predicted results equally depends both on the amount of initial data, on the basis of which the models are built, and on the number of days for which the forecast is made. In the case of a sample of data of 255 baseline and 116 forecast days, we obtained the most probable values by regression methods of direct and inverse selection of variables. The analysis made it possible to indicate the reasons for the appearance of errors when using these methods. Based on the reliability of the calculated readings, we can talk about the relevance and suitability of the studied methods among information systems at industrial and housing and communal facilities. An integrated approach optimizes the planning process and increases the accuracy of the predicted values of daily water consumption within residential areas, which today is an extremely important aspect in the field of water supply and management of water supply networks

Charging the Budget of the City Wroclaw With Urbanisation Costs (Poland)

The paper deals with the issue of charging local authorities with the costs of realisation of the provisions contained in local spatial development plans in Wrocław (Poland). Considering the planned spatial development in the area of the city Wrocław, the urbanisation costs that are chargeable to the municipality budget were identified. The economic effects of preparing areas designated for development in the residential programme offer were analysed. The paper provides an analysis of the cost of realisation of investments that belong to own duties of the municipality, including the cost of building municipality roads, sewage and water supply networks, arranging public greenery and purchasing land for public investments. The analyses were performed within the administrative borders of the city. The prognosed costs of the realisation of local spatial development plans demonstrate significant expenditure that Wrocław has to incur for the construction of sewage network and municipal roads. Additionally, the development of new areas will require the city of Wrocław to take over the real properties on which public goals are planned to be realised. One should thoroughly consider the actual need for new investment areas in the city. Demographic forecasts demonstrate that the areas designated for development significantly exceed the demand.

Damage assessment of water supply networks due to seismic events using vulnerability functions

The paper presents commonly used methodology for assessing damage of water supply networks after a seismic event. The methodology relies on deriving and applying so-called vulnerability function. An overview of the existing vulnerability functions is given together with parameters, primarily related to soil deformations, which are influencing the assessment. Also, a critical review of the possibility of their use is given. Finally, by using two approaches, the estimated number of damages, with associated repair costs, is given for the water supply network of the City of Petrinja after the earthquake on December 29, 2020. With a total of 3 800 new damages, it is estimated that the total repair costs are around HRK 28 million. The accuracy of these estimates should be verified after detailed collection and processing of relevant data in accordance with the given guidelines.