Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a non-invasive tool that provides the physician with relevant information to assess the integrated response to exercise involving pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematopoietic, neuro-psychological, and skeletal muscle systems. Measurement of expiratory gases during exercise allows the best estimate of functional capacity, grade the severity of the impairment, objectively evaluate the response to interventions, objectively track the progression of disease, and assist in differentiating cardiac from pulmonary limitations in exercise tolerance. To achieve optimal use of this test in every day clinical practice, clarification of conceptual issues and standardization of CPET practices are necessary. Recently, a Statement on Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure due to Left Ventricular Dysfunction, by the Gruppo Italiano di Cardiologia Riabilitativa and endorsed by the Working Group on Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology of the European Society of Cardiology, has been published. Here are resumed the cardinal points of the Statement: (1) Definition of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters for Appropriate Use in Chronic Heart Failure, (2) How to Perform Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure, (3) Interpretation of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Chronic Heart Failure and Future Applications.
Grading, staging and scoring of left-ventricular hypertrophy, left-ventricular dilatation, asymptomatic left-ventricular dysfunction and chronic heart failure
