Uncovering Hereditary Tumor Syndromes: Emerging Role of Surgical Pathology

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Agaimy ◽  
Arndt Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Hereditary Tumor Syndromes

Coccidioides, Cryptococcus, or Blastomyces? A Diagnostic Dilemma Encountered during Frozen Section Evaluation

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colt M. McClain ◽  
Gerald T. Van Horn ◽  
James D. Chappell ◽  
Charles W. Stratton
Keyword(s):  
Frozen Section ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Diagnostic Dilemma ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Proximal Ulna ◽  
Irrigation And Debridement ◽  
Fungal Osteomyelitis ◽  
The Right

Intraoperative consultation via frozen section is an important part of modern day surgical pathology. Recognizing fungi in tissues on frozen and permanent sections is not always a simple task, and correctly identifying the agent can be a significant challenge, even for experienced microscopists. We present a case of a 17-year-old boy with chronic osteomyelitis involving the right proximal ulna. During an irrigation and debridement operation, a frozen section was sent to surgical pathology for evaluation. A limited patient history coupled with sparse organisms present in the frozen section led to the diagnosis of fungal osteomyelitis, favor Coccidioides. Follow-up permanent sections with special staining and successful fungal culture clarified the causal agent to be Blastomyces dermatitidis. The role of frozen sections is not to perfectly speciate the fungal pathogen but to describe the morphology and infectious process and provide a differential diagnosis of the candidate fungi. The importance of intraoperative culture in infectious cases cannot be understated, and it is the responsibility of pathologists to inform surgeons that tissue is needed for culture. A brief overview of Blastomyces, including histopathologic features and key microscopic differences from Coccidioides and Cryptococcus, is discussed.

The lymphatics in the pathophysiology of thoracic and abdominal surgical pathology: Immunological consequences and the unexpected role of microsurgery

Microsurgery ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Boccardo ◽  
Carlo Bellini ◽  
Costantino Eretta ◽  
Davide Pertile ◽  
Elisa Da Rin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Thoracic And Abdominal

scholarly journals The Role of Artificial Intelligence for Image Analysis in Surgical Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Gabriela Izabela BALTATESCU ◽  
Mariana ASCHIE ◽  
Mariana DEACU ◽  
Lucian Cristian PETCU ◽  
Nicolae DOBRIN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Surgical Pathology

Surgical pathology

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Ledwidge
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Surgical Procedure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Surgical Drainage ◽  
Radical Debridement ◽  
Surgical Conditions ◽  
Medical Specialities ◽  
Infecting Organisms

Understanding of the fundamental processes of pathology is essential both to the understanding of how many surgical conditions arise and develop and to the vital role of appreciating the principles of how best to treat conditions. For example, the nature and behaviour of infecting organisms determines whether radical debridement of tissue or simple surgical drainage is required; the stage and grade of tumours influence not only the choice of surgical procedure but the use of adjuvant thera­pies. These ‘surgical’ pathologies are often seen as rather ‘old-fashioned’ compared to the emphasis on cell and molecular biology so often found in books describing medical specialities but they form the bulk of the processes of disease suffered worldwide and remain fundamental to the skilled practice of surgery today.

Undertreatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Role of Surgical Pathology

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth J. Olecki ◽  
Kelly Stahl ◽  
June S. Peng ◽  
Matthew Dixon ◽  
Niraj J. Gusani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Surgical Pathology

The emerging role of molecular diagnostics in surgical pathology

1992 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1197-1198
Author(s):  
Leo T. Furcht ◽  
Ronald C. McGlennen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnostics ◽  
Surgical Pathology

scholarly journals Artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, current applications and future role with special emphasis on its potential and promise in pathology: present and future impact, obstacles including costs and acceptance among pathologists, practical and philosophical considerations. A comprehensive review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair Ahmad ◽  
Shabina Rahim ◽  
Maha Zubair ◽  
Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Pathology ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Personalized Care ◽  
High Level

Abstract Background The role of Artificial intelligence (AI) which is defined as the ability of computers to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence is constantly expanding. Medicine was slow to embrace AI. However, the role of AI in medicine is rapidly expanding and promises to revolutionize patient care in the coming years. In addition, it has the ability to democratize high level medical care and make it accessible to all parts of the world. Main text Among specialties of medicine, some like radiology were relatively quick to adopt AI whereas others especially pathology (and surgical pathology in particular) are only just beginning to utilize AI. AI promises to play a major role in accurate diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancers. In this paper, the general principles of AI are defined first followed by a detailed discussion of its current role in medicine. In the second half of this comprehensive review, the current and future role of AI in surgical pathology is discussed in detail including an account of the practical difficulties involved and the fear of pathologists of being replaced by computer algorithms. A number of recent studies which demonstrate the usefulness of AI in the practice of surgical pathology are highlighted. Conclusion AI has the potential to transform the practice of surgical pathology by ensuring rapid and accurate results and enabling pathologists to focus on higher level diagnostic and consultative tasks such as integrating molecular, morphologic and clinical information to make accurate diagnosis in difficult cases, determine prognosis objectively and in this way contribute to personalized care.

scholarly journals HIF Signaling Pathway in Pheochromocytoma and Other Neuroendocrine Tumors

2014 ◽  
pp. S251-S262 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. JOCHMANOVÁ ◽  
T. ZELINKA ◽  
J. WIDIMSKÝ ◽  
K. PACAK
Keyword(s):  
Neuroendocrine Tumors ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factors ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Hereditary Tumor Syndromes ◽  
Cluster 2 ◽  
Chromaffin Tissue

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors controlling energy, iron metabolism, erythropoiesis, and development. Dysregulation of these proteins contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Recent findings revealed the important role of HIFs in the pathogenesis of neuroendocrine tumors, especially pheochromocytoma (PHEO) and paraganglioma (PGL). PHEOs and PGLs are catecholamine-producing tumors arising from sympathetic- or parasympathetic-derived chromaffin tissue. To date, eighteen PHEO/PGL susceptibility genes have been identified. Based on the main signaling pathways, PHEOs/PGLs have been divided into two clusters, pseudohypoxic cluster 1 and cluster 2, rich in kinase receptor signaling and protein translation pathways. Recent data suggest that both clusters are interconnected via the HIF signaling and its role in tumorigenesis is supported by newly described somatic and germline mutations in HIF2A gene in patients with PHEOs/PGLs associated with polycythemia, and in some of them also with somatostatinoma. Moreover, HIFα signaling has also been shown to be upregulated in neuroendocrine tumors other than PHEO/PGL. Some of these tumors are components of hereditary tumor syndromes which can be associated with PHEO/PGL, but also in ileal carcinoids or melanoma. HIF signaling appears to be one of the crucial players in tumorigenesis, which could suggest new therapeutic approaches for treatment of neuroendocrine tumors.

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