Update wichtige ZNS-Infektionen

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-160
Author(s):  
Matthias Klein ◽  
Uwe Koedel ◽  
Hans-Walter Pfister

Was ist neu? Herpes-simplex-Virus (HSV)-Enzephalitis Bei Verdacht auf eine HSV-Enzephalitis sollte unabhängig von der Zellzahl im Liquor eine PCR zum Nachweis von Viruskopien durchgeführt werden. Im Fall einer autoimmunvermittelten sekundären Verschlechterung innerhalb der ersten 2 Monate nach Aciclovir-Behandlung einer HSV-Enzephalitis sollte eine unverzügliche Therapie mit Immunsuppression und/oder Plasmapherese eingeleitet werden. Bakterielle Meningitis Zur Erregerdiagnostik kann seit einigen Jahren neben Gramfärbung, Liquorkultur und PCR ein Multiplex-PCR-Verfahren zur simultanen Testung der häufigsten Meningitis- und Enzephalitiserreger eingesetzt werden. Bei positivem Nachweis von HHV6 ist die klinische Relevanz jedoch infrage zu stellen. Bei unveränderter Resistenzlage in Deutschland wird nach wie vor als Initialtherapie Ceftriaxon i. v. und Ampicillin i. v. empfohlen, bei ambulant erworbener Meningitis mit Verdacht auf Pneumokokkeninfektion zusätzlich adjuvant Dexamethason i. v. Frühsommer-Meningo-Enzephalitis (FSME) 2019 wurden in Deutschland 5 zusätzliche Risikogebiete definiert. Einen zuverlässigen Schutz bietet die Impfung, die allerdings auch in den Risikogebieten nicht konsequent durchgeführt wird. Hier besteht noch großer Aufklärungsbedarf. Neuroborreliose Als zusätzlicher diagnostischer Parameter bei früher Neuroborreliose wurde in den vergangenen Jahren das Chemokin CXCL13 identifiziert. CXCL13 aus Liquor kann ein hilfreicher Parameter für die Diagnosestellung einer Neuroborreliose sein, wenn in der Frühphase der Borrelien-spezifische Liquor-Serum-Antikörper-Index noch negativ ist.

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. O'Neill ◽  
Dorothy E. Wyatt ◽  
Peter V. Coyle ◽  
Conall McCaughey ◽  
Frederick Mitchell

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Morvarid Golrokh Mofrad ◽  
Saeid Samie ◽  
Ramin Lak ◽  
Ebrahim Faghihloo

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The Herpesviridae family plays a significant etiological role in central nervous system viral infections during primary infection or reactivation from a latent form. Early detection is crucial because prescribing some antivirals can prevent severe side effects or life-threatening conditions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In this study, 251 CSF specimens were collected from patients with clinical suspicion of viral encephalitis in Pars Hospital, Tehran, Iran. DNA was extracted, and a multiplex PCR was designed to investigate the presence of herpes simplex virus-1, herpes simplex virus-2, varicella zoster virus, Epstein-Barr virus, and cytomegalovirus. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Overall, 59 cases of the 251 CSF samples were positive for multiplex PCR (23.5%). The most frequent positive findings were EBV and HSV, with a prevalence of 10.3% and 8.7% (5.5% HSV-1 and 3.1% HSV-2), respectively. Four co-infections were also seen in this study. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This multiplex PCR assay detects simultaneously different herpesviruses in CSF samples of patients with suspected encephalitis in 2 rounds of PCR amplification; therefore, it is a reliable and cost-saving diagnostic method for evaluating patients infected with herpesvirus with neurological disorders.


Author(s):  
Z. Hong Zhou ◽  
Jing He ◽  
Joanita Jakana ◽  
J. D. Tatman ◽  
Frazer J. Rixon ◽  
...  

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a ubiquitous virus which is implicated in diseases ranging from self-curing cold sores to life-threatening infections. The 2500 Å diameter herpes virion is composed of a glycoprotein spike containing, lipid envelope, enclosing a protein layer (the tegument) in which is embedded the capsid (which contains the dsDNA genome). The B-, and A- and C-capsids, representing different morphogenetic stages in HSV-1 infected cells, are composed of 7, and 5 structural proteins respectively. The three capsid types are organized in similar T=16 icosahedral shells with 12 pentons, 150 hexons, and 320 connecting triplexes. Our previous 3D structure study at 26 Å revealed domain features of all these structural components and suggested probable locations for the outer shell proteins, VP5, VP26, VP19c and VP23. VP5 makes up most of both pentons and hexons. VP26 appeared to bind to the VP5 subunit in hexon but not to that in penton.


Author(s):  
K. Rekrut ◽  
K. Schleuter

Confirmation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from genital lesions of obstetrical (OB) patients may affect both the management of the delivery and of the neonate.(l,2) During 1992 and 1993, 4,450 genital specimens from OB patients were submitted in viral transport media for herpes culture. The specimens were inoculated into MRC-5, Vero, and A-549 tissue culture tubes, incubated, and examined daily for 7 days for cytopathic effect (CPE). The original specimens were frozen at −70° C until final reports were issued. Culture tubes with CPE were tested by the Dupont Herpchek enzyme immuno assay (EIA) to confirm the presence of herpes simplex virus (HSV). (3,4) 170 OB patient specimens were positive by culture and confirmed by EIA.There were also 63 cultures exhibiting CPE ressembling HSV which were negative by EIA testing, which failed to pass in fresh tissue culture cells or progress to more enhanced CPE in culture. These original specimens were screened by electron microscopy after direct ultracentrifugation employing the Beckman airfuge with the EM 90 rotor on to formvar carbon-coated 300 mesh copper grids and negatively stained with 2% PTA.


2001 ◽  
Vol 120 (5) ◽  
pp. A136-A137
Author(s):  
K TSAMAKIDES ◽  
E PANOTOPOULOU ◽  
D DIMITROULOPOULOS ◽  
M CHRISTOPOULO ◽  
D XINOPOULOS ◽  
...  

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