The Cold War, Political Neutrality, and Academic Boundaries: Imprints on the Origins and Early Development of Science Studies in Sweden

This chapter reflects on the question of whether strategic studies has a future as a field of academic study. It first considers the early development of strategic studies and how it became a broad enquiry by the end of the cold war. It then examines how the study of strategy posed a challenge to the social sciences and goes on to discuss the tensions that exist between the academic and policy worlds with respect to strategic studies. It also explores elements of realism that remain very useful in the study of strategy, particularly when it comes to the issue of armed force. The chapter concludes by explaining why strategic studies should be revived as a subject in the universities and how this might be achieved.

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Words Are Not Enough

Principles in Power ◽

10.7591/cornell/9781501713682.003.0003 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 62-111

Author(s):

Vanessa Walker

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Cold War ◽

Early Development ◽

Latin American ◽

First Year ◽

Policy Makers ◽

New Approach ◽

Human Rights Advocacy ◽

High Level ◽

The Cold War

This chapter analyzes the early development of the Carter administration's human rights agenda, built in tandem with a new approach to U.S.–Latin American relations during its first year in office. From the outset, the Carter administration envisioned a human rights policy that would simultaneously mitigate human rights violations abroad, build U.S. credibility and stature in the international sphere by reasserting a moral and ideological pole of attraction, and signify a move away from the excessive secrecy and power of the Cold War presidency at home. Although Carter largely shared the premises of the Movement's vision, differences over the implementation and signifiers of this policy in high-level diplomacy created rifts between like-minded advocates and policy makers. Carter found himself grappling with the legacies of both U.S. intervention in the region and also congressional and public distrust stemming from past excesses of the Cold War presidency. The administration's options in implementing its policy were bounded by both past regional relations and human rights advocacy itself.

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Gathering Europe in Football: UEFA, the Development of European Football and the Cold War (1949–1961)

STADION ◽

10.5771/0172-4029-2020-1-34 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 34-60

Author(s):

Philippe Vonnard

Keyword(s):

Cold War ◽

Early Development ◽

Iron Curtain ◽

European Football ◽

The 1950S ◽

The Cold War

At a meeting in Basel on 15 June 1954, 25 of Europe’s national football associations agreed to form a representative body for European football, a decision which would, four months later, give rise to the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Five years later, the new body had exceeded the expectations of most of its founders and had become one of the most important actors in European football. Furthermore, it appeared as the sole pan-European body as other “European organizations” - created at the same period - in other fields never crossed the Iron Curtain and were mainly composed by Western Bloc or neutral countries. This paper - which summarizes some of the key arguments examined in the book Creating a United Europe of Football (2020) - looks back at UEFA’s formation and early development. In doing so, it examines the issues of why UEFA developed so quickly, even though conditions for this development were not initially conducive, and how UEFA managed to overcome Cold War divisions to become a truly pan-European body. The article brings together information from original archive documents (mainly from UEFA’s and FIFA’s Documentation Centres, but also from national football association archives), French press reports (mostly from L’Equipe and France Football) and interviews with three leading figures in European football during the 1950s.

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