Latin American Domestic Workers Abroad

Author(s):  
Ángeles Escrivá ◽  
Magdalena Díaz-Gorfinkiel
Author(s):  
Xiana Bueno-García ◽  
Elena Vidal-Coso

Abstract: The arrival of flows of Latin-American females in Spain has been closely linked to the demand for domestic workers and carers. During the last period of economic expansion, a subsequent masculinization of these Latin American flows was seen, explaining the trend toward greater gender and occupational balance among these families. An economic recession followed, however, and unemployment impacted men more than it did women, as reflected in the rise in the number of women who became the sole breadwinners in their households. Using the Economically Active Population Survey, we explore the nature of these household structures, the changes in relation to the economic context, and the socio-demographic and labour market characteristics. Female-headed households are defined as those nuclear households where women are the only economic providers. The first of two hypotheses was a greater incidence of female-headed households among Latin American migrants than among households headed by exogamous and Spanish couples, irrespective of other socio-demographic characteristics. The second hypothesis predicted a greater incidence of female-headed households during the recent years of economic crisis. Furthermore, we expected this increase to have occurred in all households but to have been particularly high among Latin-Americans. The results confirm the prevalence of Latin American women as female heads of households and the adjustment within families in line with the changing Spanish socioeconomic and migratory context between 1999 to 2012.Key words: Economic female headship, international migration, economic crisis, Latin Americans, gender, SpainResumen: La llegada de mujeres latinoamericanas a España ha estado estrechamente vinculado a la demanda de cuidadoras y trabajadoras domésticas en el mercado laboral. La posterior masculinización de los flujos de inmigración latinoamericanos durante el periodo de expansión económica explica la evolución hacia un mayor equilibrio de género y ocupacional entre estas familias. Sin embargo, con la llegada de la crisis económica, el desempleo afectó a los hombres más que a las mujeres y ello se ve reflejado en el creciente número de mujeres que se convirtieron en únicas proveedoras económicas de sus hogares. A través de la Encuesta de Población Activa exploramos cómo es la estructura de esos hogares, sus cambios a raíz del cambio de contexto económico y sus características sociodemográficas y laborales. Definimos los hogares encabezados por mujeres como aquellos hogares con núcleo en los que las mujeres son las únicas proveedoras económicas. Nuestra primera hipótesis se sustenta en la mayor incidencia de los hogares encabezados por mujeres entre los migrantes Latinoamericanos respecto a los españoles o a aquellos en los que convive una pareja mixta con mujer latinoamericana, e independientemente de otras características sociodemográficas. La segunda hipótesis predice una mayor incidencia de los hogares con jefatura femenina durante el periodo más reciente marcado por la crisis económica. Ese incremento se prevé para todos los hogares, pero se presume mayor entre los latinoamericanos. Los resultados confirman la prevalencia de las mujeres latinoamericanas como jefas de hogar y el ajuste de las familias al cambio de coyuntura socioeconómica y migratoria entre 1999 y 2012.Palabras clave: Jefatura femenina, migración internacional, crisis económica, Latinoamericanos, género, España  


2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-42
Author(s):  
Martina Madaula Munt

Abstract This ethnographic study draws from my research on the three main care practices Latin American domestic workers experience in Barcelona: caring as part of their jobs, caring for their families from afar, and caring for each other. Stemming from grounded theory, I will argue that one of the main pressures they suffer daily is social isolation and loneliness. Starting from a brief analysis of how migrant domestic workers bear the burden of care individually ‐ firstly, as part of their jobs and, secondly, as part of their gender duty when being mothers from afar ‐ this paper will trace a third dimension of care seen in collective practices to cope with social isolation. The last section of the empirical overview will focus on the daily navigation of the concepts of self-care, activism, and feminism by Latin American domestic workers. These concepts were encountered in fieldwork by my research participants and given a new meaning when developing their own versions of them based on collective values more present in their home cultures.


2021 ◽  
pp. 135050682110175
Author(s):  
Rocío de Diego-Cordero ◽  
Lorena Tarriño-Concejero ◽  
María Ángeles Lato-Molina ◽  
Mª Ángeles García-Carpintero Muñoz

From a gender perspective, female immigrant domestic caregivers have been particularly impacted during the COVID-19 pandemic: first, as female immigrants, and second, due to their work within the domestic care sector, which has been so badly affected in this pandemic. This study investigates the emotions and experiences of 15 female Latin American immigrant domestic workers, caregivers in five Andalusian cities (Seville, Cádiz, Málaga, Huelva and Córdoba) (Spain) who were cohabiting with their employees/patients during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, using qualitative research through in-depth interviews and life stories. The results show the moral debt accrued by the caregivers with the family who employ them, while worsening the physical and psychological health of many of the caregivers, due to both work overload and fear of the global pandemic.


2019 ◽  
pp. 122-130
Author(s):  
Erynn Masi de Casanova

This concluding chapter argues that the book's analysis confirms previous research on Latin American domestic workers' experiences published mostly in Spanish and Portuguese, while generating new insights. The book's findings, when viewed along with research from other parts of Latin America, suggest that the experiences of nonmigrants, internal migrants, and international migrants in the region are quite similar. Their working conditions are equally dismal. Domestic workers are exploited as a subclass of worker, a subclass of human, whether they were born in the same country as their employers or not. They are always the other. Setting migration aside, then, as the primary variable explaining exploitation, the book's analysis focuses on three dimensions of oppression that act as obstacles to domestic workers' rights: social reproduction, informality, and class. Scholars and activists can target these obstacles in the effort to improve working conditions.


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