Effects of Different Additives and Ambient Conditions on Acceleration of Sludge Stabilization: Laboratory-Scale Simulated Landfill Study

We applied a simple, low-cost design of glass capillary microreactor for the catalytic oxidation of benzene to phenol at ambient conditions. Polyvinylchloride-nanofiber-membrane-supported titania nanoparticle (TiO2-PVC) as catalyst and in situ production of hydroxyl radicals as oxidant. The reaction was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The reaction conditions were optimized and the performance of the microreactor was then compared with the conventional laboratory scale reaction which used hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. The microreactor gave a better yield of 14% for phenol compared to 0.14% in the conventional laboratory scale reaction. Reaction conditions such as reaction time, reaction pH, and applied potential were optimized. With optimized reaction conditions selectivity of >37% and >88% conversion of benzene were obtained.

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Methane production from food waste leachate in laboratory-scale simulated landfill

Waste Management ◽

10.1016/j.wasman.2010.02.028 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (8-9) ◽

pp. 1502-1508 ◽

Cited By ~ 53

Author(s):

Shishir Kumar Behera ◽

Jun Mo Park ◽

Kyeong Ho Kim ◽

Hung-Suck Park

Keyword(s):

Food Waste ◽

Methane Production ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Food Waste Leachate ◽

Simulated Landfill ◽

Waste Leachate

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A New Spectroscopic Technique for in situ Chemical Reaction Monitoring Using Mid-Range Infrared Optical Fibers

Applied Spectroscopy ◽

10.1366/0003702924124204 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 46 (7) ◽

pp. 1105-1112 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

William R. Moser ◽

Joseph R. Berard ◽

Peter J. Melling ◽

Robert J. Burger

Keyword(s):

Optical Fibers ◽

Chemical Reaction ◽

Accurate Determination ◽

Reaction Medium ◽

Spectroscopic Technique ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Reaction Monitoring ◽

Ambient Conditions ◽

Chemical Systems ◽

Bulk Reaction

A new versatile spectroscopic technique for chemical reaction monitoring using mid-range infrared optical fibers has recently been developed. Chalcogenide glass optical fibers were used to direct infrared radiation from an FT-IR spectrometer through ZnSe Cylindrical Internal Reflectance (CIR) crystals embedded within laboratory scale reactors. The utility of this technique for studying chemical systems was demonstrated by monitoring various stoichiometric reactions at ambient conditions. A laboratory-scale glass reactor fabricated with the capability to mount a CIR crystal was used as the reaction vessel. The ability of this system to monitor high-pressure and/or high-temperature chemical reactions was also demonstrated by studying the cobalt catalyzed hydroformylation of olefins. A stainless steel CIR reactor, slightly modified to allow for connections with optical fibers, was used for experiments ranging from 50 to 90°C and under 750 to 800 psi synthesis gas (H2/CO mixture). In all cases sufficient signal strength at the detector and adequate penetration into the bulk reaction medium was achieved, resulting in infrared spectra of high quality and resolution. Spectral scans of the reaction in progress allowed the accurate determination of the concentration of reactants and products as a function of time.

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