Complex Adaptive System Framework to Simulate Adaptations of Human-Environmental Systems to Climate Change and Urbanization: The Verde River Basin

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shams Al-Amin ◽  
Emily Z. Berglund ◽  
Kelli L. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
System Framework ◽  
Environmental Systems ◽  
Verde River ◽  
Complex Adaptive

Modeling Malaria as a Complex Adaptive System

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Janssen ◽  
W. J. M. Martens
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Evolutionary Modeling ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Parasite Populations

As the resistance of the malaria parasite to antimalarial drugs continues to increase, as does that of the malarial mosquito to insecticides, the efficacy of efforts to control malaria in many tropical countries is diminishing. This trend, together with the projected consequences of climate change, may prove to exacerbate substantially the significance of malaria in the coming decades. In this article we introduce the use of an evolutionary modeling approach to simulate the adaptation of mosquitoes and parasites to the available pesticides and drugs. By coupling genetic algorithms with a dynamic malaria-epidemiological model, we derive a complex adaptive system capable of simulating adapting and evolving processes within both the mosquito and the parasite populations. This approach is used to analyze malaria management strategies appropriate to regions of higher and lower degrees of endemicity. The results suggest that adequate use of insecticides and drugs may reduce the occurrence of malaria in regions of low endemicity, although increased efforts would be necessary in the event of a climate change. However, our model indicates that in regions of high endemicity the use of insecticides and drugs may lead to an increase in incidence due to enhanced resistance development. Projected climate change, on the other hand, may lead to a limited reduction of the occurrence of malaria due to the presence of a higher percentage of immune persons in the older age class.

scholarly journals FACTORS DETERMINING THE PURCHASE OF WINE FROM CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTED PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Mariusz Maciejczak
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
System Approach ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Implementing Strategies

The paper aims to make an attempt to identify the factors that determine the purchase of wine that comes from vineyards applying appropriate measures to adopt to climate change. The literature review indicates the growing awareness of wine consumers to issues related to climate change. At the same time, winegrowers are increasingly implementing strategies at a farm level to adjust production to changing climate conditions. These processes can be explained by the complex adaptive system approach. The conducted empirical research is based on a questionnaire distributed among 164 randomly selected Polish consumers investigated in the first half of 2018. The results show that consumers are willing to pay a higher price for wine that comes from vineyards using climate adapted production methods. The factors that significantly influence the purchase of wine from climate-adapted production are, accordingly, monthly spending on wine and the price of wine along with a label indicating eco-friendly methods of production. Whereas those with lower importance are country of origin, type of wine, place and frequency of purchase. The main recommendation is systemic action related to climate change adaptation of production and its appropriate communication to consumers, as their knowledge plays a key role.

Hybridität als Motor und als Ergebnis von Sprachwandel

Glottotheory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Földes
Keyword(s):  
Language Development ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Language Change ◽  
Adaptive System ◽  
Complex Adaptive System ◽  
Explanatory Variable ◽  
Essential Factor ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Complex Adaptive ◽  
Linguistic Innovation

AbstractThis paper deals with constellations in which, as consequences of linguistic interculturality, elements of two or more languages encounter each other and result in something partially or completely new, an – occasionally temporary – “third quality”, namely hybridity. The paper contributes to the meta-discourse and theory formation by questioning the concept, term and content of “linguistic hybridity”. It also submits a proposal for a typology of linguistic-communicative hybridity that consists of the following prototypical main groups, each with several subtypes: (1) language-cultural, (2) semiotic, (3) medial, (4) communicative, (5) systematic, (6) paraverbal and (7) nonverbal hybridity. At last, the paper examines hybridity as an explanatory variable for language change. In conclusion, hybridity is generally a place of cultural production, with special regard to communication and language it is potentially considered as an incubator of linguistic innovation. Hybridity can be seen as the engine and as the result of language change, or language development. It represents an essential factor by which language functions and develops as a complex adaptive system. Hybridity operates as a continuous cycle. By generating innovation, it triggers language change, which in turn, leads to further and new hybridizations. The processuality of hybridity creates diversity, while at the same time it can cause the vanishing of diversity.

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