scholarly journals Stacking of oligo- and polythiophene cations in solution: Surface tension and dielectric saturation

2006 ◽  
Vol 124 (19) ◽  
pp. 194902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damián A. Scherlis ◽  
Jean-Luc Fattebert ◽  
Nicola Marzari
1986 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kelebek ◽  
J.A. Finch ◽  
S. Yörük ◽  
G.W. Smith

2010 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Zhuang ◽  
Nadine Goeppert ◽  
Ching Tu ◽  
John McCarthy ◽  
Edmund Perfect ◽  
...  

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ozkan ◽  
S. Aydogan ◽  
M. Yekeler

1996 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi ITO ◽  
Keiji KAMOGAWA ◽  
Hideki SAKAI ◽  
Yukishige KONDO ◽  
Norio YOSHINO ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Bronisław Jańczuk ◽  
Anna Zdziennicka ◽  
Katarzyna Szymczyk ◽  
Maria Luisa González-Martín

Measurements of the surface tension of the aqueous solution of SDDS mixture with fluorocarbon surfactants (FC) were carried out and considered in light of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of individual surfactants. Similar analyses were made for many other aqueous solutions of binary and ternary mixtures, taking into account the literature data of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of TX100, TX114, TX165, SDDS, SDS, CTAB, CPyB and FC. The possibility of predicting the surface tension of the aqueous solution of many surfactant mixtures from that of the mixture components using both the Szyszkowski, Fainerman and Miller and Joos concepts was analyzed. The surface tension of the aqueous solutions of surfactant mixtures was also considered based on the particular mixture component contribution to the water surface tension reduction. As a result, the composition of the mixed surface layer at the solution–air interface was discussed and compared to that which was determined using the Hua and Rosen concept. As follows from considerations, the surface tension of the aqueous solution of binary and ternary surfactant mixtures can be described and/or predicted.


2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Secouard ◽  
Catherine Malhiac ◽  
Michel Grisel

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Raatikainen ◽  
A. Laaksonen

Abstract. Dissolved surface active species, or surfactants, have a tendency to partition to solution surface and thereby decrease solution surface tension. Activating cloud droplets have large surface-to-volume ratios, and the amount of surfactant molecules in them is limited. Therefore, unlike with macroscopic solutions, partitioning to the surface can effectively deplete the droplet interior of surfactant molecules. Surfactant partitioning equilibrium for activating cloud droplets has so far been solved numerically from a group of non-linear equations containing the Gibbs adsorption equation coupled with a surface tension model and an optional activity coefficient model. This can be a problem when surfactant effects are examined by using large-scale cloud models. Namely, computing time increases significantly due to the partitioning calculations done in the lowest levels of nested iterations. Our purpose is to reduce the group of non-linear equations to simple polynomial equations with well known analytical solutions. In order to do that, we describe surface tension lowering using the Szyskowski equation, and ignore all droplet solution non-idealities. It is assumed that there is only one surfactant exhibiting bulk-surface partitioning, but the number of non-surfactant solutes is unlimited. It is shown that the simplifications cause only minor errors to predicted bulk solution concentrations and cloud droplet activation. In addition, computing time is decreased at least by an order of magnitude when using the analytical solutions.


2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 456-460
Author(s):  
Zi Ming Wang ◽  
Fang Lu ◽  
Zi Chen Lu ◽  
Hui Qun Li ◽  
Xiao Liu

The shrinkage-reducing type polycarboxylate superplasticizer (SRPCA) has become a hot research issue both at home and abroad for its perfect water-reducing ability, outstanding shrinkage-reducing and slump retaining ability. The effect of ordinary polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCA) and shrinkage-reducing PCA on the drying shrinkage of cement mortar was studied thoroughly in this paper. The result showed that the SRPCA can effectively reduce the drying shrinkage of cement mortar. Moreover, the shrinkage-reducing mechanism was discussed from the aspect of molecular structure to the solution surface tension and also mortar water retention. It indicated that the solution surface tension had certain impact on the PCA shrinking-reducing ability, meanwhile the perfect water-retaining ability conduce to the shrinking-reducing improvement. esides, the introduction of shrinking-reducing functional groups to the ordinary PCE molecular structure can reduce the polymer solution surface tension, control the air content in the concrete and decrease the drying shrinkage of cement-based materials.


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