Argon bubble formation in the sputtering of PtSi

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 716-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. L. Liau ◽  
T. T. Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Argon Bubble

scholarly journals Argon bubble formation in tantalum oxide-based films for gravitational wave interferometer mirrors

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Rebecca B. Cummings ◽  
Riccardo Bassiri ◽  
Iain W. Martin ◽  
Ian MacLaren
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Wave ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Tantalum Oxide ◽  
Argon Bubble ◽  
Gravitational Wave Interferometer

Reduced argon bubble formation in oxide dispersion strengthened steels by high-energy mechanical alloying

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Eun-Kwang Park ◽  
Sung-Mo Hong ◽  
Gyoung-Ja Lee ◽  
Jin-Ju Park ◽  
Min-Ku Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Oxide Dispersion Strengthened ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxide Dispersion ◽  
Argon Bubble

Direct observations of radiation-enhanced transformations in glass

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 354-355
Author(s):  
J. F. DeNatale ◽  
D. G. Howitt
Keyword(s):  
Glass Matrix ◽  
Diffusion Mechanism ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Silicate Glasses ◽  
Phase Decomposition ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Oxygen Bubble ◽  
Electron Energy Loss ◽  
Kinetics Of

The electron irradiation of silicate glasses containing metal cations produces various types of phase separation and decomposition which includes oxygen bubble formation at intermediate temperatures figure I. The kinetics of bubble formation are too rapid to be accounted for by oxygen diffusion but the behavior is consistent with a cation diffusion mechanism if the amount of oxygen in the bubble is not significantly different from that in the same volume of silicate glass. The formation of oxygen bubbles is often accompanied by precipitation of crystalline phases and/or amorphous phase decomposition in the regions between the bubbles and the detection of differences in oxygen concentration between the bubble and matrix by electron energy loss spectroscopy cannot be discerned (figure 2) even when the bubble occupies the majority of the foil depth.The oxygen bubbles are stable, even in the thin foils, months after irradiation and if van der Waals behavior of the interior gas is assumed an oxygen pressure of about 4000 atmospheres must be sustained for a 100 bubble if the surface tension with the glass matrix is to balance against it at intermediate temperatures.

CONDITIONS FOR BUBBLE FORMATION

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Formation

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HEAT TRANSFER AND BUBBLE FORMATION IN NUCLEATE BOILING

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Gorenflo ◽  
Andrea Luke ◽  
Elisabeth Danger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Nucleate Boiling

ENHANCEMENT OF BUBBLE FORMATION AND HEAT REMOVAL IN TRANSIENT BOILING

1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiyuki Kozawa ◽  
T. Inoue ◽  
Kunito Okuyama
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Heat Removal ◽  
Transient Boiling

Investigation of bubble formation in arteries of gas-controlled heatpipes

1975 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. ABHAT ◽  
M. GROLL ◽  
M. HAGE
Keyword(s):  
Bubble Formation

Considerations about mass and energy flow in discontinuous evaporating crystallizers

2016 ◽  
pp. 514-516
Author(s):  
Martin Bruhns
Keyword(s):  
Energy Flow ◽  
Static Pressure ◽  
Bubble Formation ◽  
Boiling Temperature ◽  
Vapor Bubbles ◽  
Local Pressure ◽  
Heating Steam ◽  
Flow Changes ◽  
Local Superheating ◽  
Local Supersaturation

The massecuite circulates in a loop within the evaporating crystallizing vessel. The massecuite flows upwards through the heating tubes. In the room above the calandria the massecuite flow changes its direction to radial inwards and then to vertical downwards. An impeller in the central tube forces the circulation. Below the calandria the main direction of flow is radially outwards until threads of the massecuite stream enter the heating tubes in upwards direction. Within the tubes heat is transferred to the massecuite. At low temperature differences between heating steam and massecuite and higher levels of the massecuite in the crystallizer vapor bubbles are not found in the tubes. Vapor bubbles can be formed at a massecuite level in the crystallizer where the temperature of the massecuite is higher than the local boiling temperature of water, which depends on the local pressure (including the static pressure of the massecuite at this point) and the boiling point elevation of the mother liquor. The surface tension of the liquid is a resistance against the bubble formation, which has to be overcome by the local superheating i.e. the part of the enthalpy of the massecuite exceeding the local boiling temperature. The formation and the flow of the bubbles change the density of the massecuite/bubbles mixture and has an influence on the massecuite flow. The formation of a vapour bubble is connected with a local drop of the massecuite temperature which changes the local supersaturation. Today the heat transfer into the magma is quite well known but the process of bubble formation is quite unknown. Some basic considerations about the formation of bubbles and its influence on local supersaturation based on calculation of heat and mass balances and models of bubble formation are be given and discussed. Experiments for basic investigations are proposed.

Bubble Formation in Sapphire Single Crystals

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai YAO
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Bubble Formation
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