Measurements of work function and surface conditions in cesiated negative ion sources

2021 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. 121502
Author(s):  
Motoi Wada
Keyword(s):  
Work Function ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Surface Conditions

EFFECT OF GRAIN SIZE ON THE ELECTRON WORK FUNCTION OF Cu AND Al

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 173-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
WEN LI ◽  
D. Y. LI
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Work Function ◽  
Electron Work Function ◽  
Deformation Texture ◽  
Kelvin Probe ◽  
Surface Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sophisticated Instrument

The Kelvin probe is a sophisticated instrument which is very sensitive to changes in surface conditions, such as deformation, texture, phase transformation and contamination. Efforts have been made to use this technique to diagnose wear. In this study, the effect of the grain boundary (GB) on the electron work function (EWF) was examined with the aim of investigating the contribution of changes in grain size to total changes in the EWF during wear. Copper and aluminum were studied as examples. It was demonstrated that the EWF dropped in the vicinity of GB's and the mean EWF decreased as the grain size decreased. The mechanism responsible for the changes in the EWF with respect to the GB is discussed.

High voltage holding in the negative ion sources with cesium deposition

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 02B120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu. Belchenko ◽  
G. Abdrashitov ◽  
A. Ivanov ◽  
A. Sanin ◽  
O. Sotnikov
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Ion Sources ◽  
Negative Ion

H− production from non-cesiated converter-type negative ion sources

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. A. van Os ◽  
K. N. Leung ◽  
A. F. Lietzke ◽  
J. W. Stearns ◽  
W. B. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Ion Sources ◽  
Negative Ion

scholarly journals A review of negative ion sources

1977 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1435-1444 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Ion Sources ◽  
Negative Ion

scholarly journals Extraction induced emittance growth for negative ion sources

1990 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Whealton ◽  
P. S. Meszeros ◽  
R. J. Raridon ◽  
K. E. Rothe
Keyword(s):  
Ion Sources ◽  
Negative Ion ◽  
Emittance Growth
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