Magnetic resonance imaging of the facial nerve in children with idiopathic facial paralysis

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-559
Author(s):  
Don L. Burgio ◽  
Shoab Siddique ◽  
Michael Haupert ◽  
Robert J. Meleca
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Recovery Time ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Facial Function

The role of gadolinium-enhanced MRI (Gd-MRI) in the diagnosis of idiopathic facial paralysis (IFP) in children is not well defined. Fourteen children with IFP were evaluated to assess the use of Gd-MRI for the presence and pattern of enhancement and its usefulness in predicting the recovery of facial function. Six of 14 children had enhancement of the facial nerve on Gd-MRI, whereas 8 had none. Enhancement was noted in the tympanic, mastoid, and most commonly in the distal intracanalicular and labyrinthine segments. The average time from onset of paresis to recovery in patients with enhancement was 19.3 weeks, whereas in those with no enhancement, mean recovery time was 9.5 weeks ( P = 0.003, t test). All 14 patients eventually had recovery to House-Brackmann grade I or II. Gd-MRI is not required for all children with IFP but may yield information about the time course of recovery of facial function.

Time Course and Role of Morphine Dose and Concentration in Intrathecal Granuloma Formation in Dogs

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey W. Allen ◽  
Kjersti A. Horais ◽  
Nicolle A. Tozier ◽  
Kirsten Wegner ◽  
Jacqueline A. Corbeil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Intrathecal Morphine ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Granuloma Formation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Morphine Infusion ◽  
Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Background Intrathecal morphine infusion leads to intrathecal granulomas. In dogs, the authors examined time course of granuloma formation and the role of concentration in granuloma development. Methods Dogs were prepared with lumbar intrathecal catheters and vest-mounted pumps. To define the time course of granuloma formation, serial magnetic resonance imaging was performed in animals receiving 10 or 31 days of morphine infusion (12.5 mg/ml at 40 microl/h). At these times, morphine was removed from the infusate, and further magnetic resonance images were acquired over 14-35 additional days. To assess dose versus concentration, dogs received 28-day infusions of vehicle, 12 mg morphine/day as 12.5 mg/ml at 40 microl/h, or 1.5 mg/ml at 334 microl/h (12 mg/day) for 28 days. Additional dogs received 3 mg/day as 12.5 mg/ml at 10 mul/h. Results Serial magnetic resonance images in dogs receiving morphine (12.5 mg/ml at 40 microl/h) revealed pericatheter-enhancing tissues as early as 3 days with a prominent signal by 10 days. Removal of morphine reduced the mass volume within 7 days. At a fixed infusion rate, the incidence of granuloma formation with the continuous intrathecal infusion of morphine ranged from 0 in vehicle-treated dogs to 100% in dogs treated with 12.5 mg/ml at 40 microl/h (12 mg/day). Infusion of 12 mg/day at 1.5 mg/ml (334 microl/h) resulted in granuloma in one of four animals. The authors found that infusion of morphine in different concentrations at a fixed rate resulted in a dose-dependent increase in concentration, with the granuloma-producing, dose-yielding lumbar cerebrospinal fluid morphine concentrations around 40 microg/ml. Conclusions Serial magnetic resonance imaging showed a rapid formation and regression of the masses initiated by intrathecal morphine infusion. These masses are dependent on local concentration.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Facial Nerve in Peripheral Facial Paralysis

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (Sup 1) ◽  
pp. S36-S37
Author(s):  
Sertac Yetiser ◽  
Mustafa Kazkayasi ◽  
Deniz Altinok ◽  
Yasemin Karadeniz
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Facial Paralysis

Glomus Vagale Tumor Resection: 2-Dimensional Operative Video

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. E57-E57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M Heiferman ◽  
Esther A Cheng ◽  
Michael E Harkins ◽  
Matthew R Reynolds ◽  
Richard W Borrowdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Infratemporal Fossa ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Jugular Foramen ◽  
Jugular Bulb ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Abstract A 37-yr-old female with prior transient left facial paralysis presented with hearing loss, headaches, and resolved transient right facial paralysis. The neurological examination demonstrated normal facial movement, left hearing loss, and left vocal cord weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a >3 cm left paraganglioma traversing the jugular foramen. After obtaining informed consent from the patient, the tumor was embolized and then resected via a combined left postauricular infratemporal fossa and transcervical approach with cranial nerve monitoring. The ossicles were removed and the vertical segment of the facial nerve was skeletonized. The jugular bulb was identified in the hypotympanum and the petrous carotid artery was exposed. The digastric muscle was reflected inferiorly and the extratemporal facial nerve was identified. The stylomandibular ligament was transected to unlock the exposure to the infratemporal fossa. The external carotid branches were ligated. The vagus nerve and cervical sympathetic chain were infiltrated with tumor, requiring resection. The presigmoid dura and occluded jugular bulb were opened to complete the tumor resection, while preserving the medial wall. Despite anatomic preservation, the glossopharyngeal, accessory, and hypoglossal nerves were postoperatively weak and a facial paralysis recovered after 1 wk. Magnetic resonance imaging at 1 yr demonstrated a clean jugular foramen, although a thin rim of tumor remained around the petrous carotid.

The Use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging with High-Resolution CT in the Evaluation of Facial Paralysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 101 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell K. Schwaber ◽  
David Zealear ◽  
James L. Netterville ◽  
Michael Seshul ◽  
Robert H. Ossoff
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Brain

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been widely used in the evaluation of suspected acoustic neuroma, but has not received the same attention with respect to facial paralysis. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) has been the radiologic test of choice to evaluate the facial nerve. The necessary HRCT projections, slices, and enhancement techniques to visualize each segment have been outlined. We have developed a radiologic protocol that uses MRI in conjunction with HRCT, applying the strengths of each to evaluate the facial nerve. We have evaluated 15 patients and have found that MRI is the better study to evaluate the brain stem/cerebellopontine angle segment of the facial nerve and better evaluates bone-soft tissue Interfaces. HRCT is better in the evaluation of the intratemporal segment of the facial nerve and the assessment of the anatomic perspectives of a lesion within the temporal bone. The results are discussed and case reports Illustrate the efficacy of this approach.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the facial nerve in children with idiopathic facial paralysis☆

2000 ◽  
Vol 122 (4) ◽  
pp. 556-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
DON L. BURGIO ◽  
SHOAB SIDDIQUE ◽  
MICHAEL HAUPERT ◽  
ROBERT J. MELECA
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals High resolution magnetic resonance imaging for exposing facial nerve zonal vulnerability to microbleeds: A rare cause of facial palsy

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-388
Author(s):  
Charlie Chia-Tsong Hsu ◽  
Dalveer Singh ◽  
Trevor William Watkins ◽  
Gigi Nga Chi Kwan ◽  
Sachintha Hapugoda
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Internal Auditory Canal ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Partial Recovery ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Rapid Acquisition

Background We report a case of hypertensive microbleeds strategically located at the attached segment (AS) and root entry zone (REZ) at the left facial nerve causing facial paralysis. Case Report A 60-year-old woman presented with sudden onset left facial paralysis. Medical history was significant for poorly controlled hypertension secondary to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia (primary hyperaldosteronism). The patient was initially treated for presumptive Bell’s palsy. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and internal auditory canal showed two microbleeds at the left cerebellopontine angle. Dedicated coronal T1 magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo and T2 sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution sequences revealed two acute microbleeds located at the attached AS and REZ of the left facial nerve. The patient experienced only partial recovery from House–Brackmann grade IV facial paralysis at presentation to a House–Brackmann grade III facial paralysis at 1 year of follow up. Conclusions To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case of facial paralysis caused by microbleeds directly affecting the vulnerable AS and REZ facial nerve segments. We discuss the zonal microanatomy of the facial nerve and the crucial role of high resolution MRI for diagnosis.

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