Commuting and Residential Strategies in the Île-de-France: Individual Behaviour and Spatial Constraints

Like most European and North American metropolitan regions, that of Paris has for several decades been subject to a set of transformations. These have concerned urban spatial structures (population deconcentration, dispersion of employment, and the growth of new economic poles in the peripheral area), but also the sociodemographic structure of the population (rise in female labour participation rates, increasing importance of a highly qualified high-earning population, etc), and individual behaviour (desire for homeownership as well as the renewed interest of affluent groups for city-centre living, etc). Increased daily mobility in general and commuting in particular cannot be explained without reference to these different phenomena operating at both the microlevel and the macrolevel. For example, the sociodemographic characteristics of individuals have a considerable influence on the probability of the individuals being able to work near their home (or to live near their workplace). Account also has to be taken of the residential strategies of individuals, which are in turn linked to social position and life-cycle stage: choosing a place of residence in the urban periphery, in particular, has an impact on commuting patterns. But we can only understand the effects of residential strategies on commuting by analyzing the structures of the Île-de-France region (and in particular the housing market and sociogeographical pattern of employment).

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Female labour participation and pay equity in Arab countries: commonalities and differences

Contemporary Arab Affairs ◽

10.1080/17550912.2014.948313 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 526-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yusuf M. Sidani ◽

Tony Feghali

Keyword(s):

Cultural Values ◽

Arab World ◽

Arab Country ◽

Arab Countries ◽

Common Belief ◽

Pay Equity ◽

Problematic Situation ◽

Female Labour ◽

Stage Of Development ◽

Labour Participation

While there is a common belief that female labour indicators in Arab countries demonstrate a problematic situation, little is understood about the varieties within countries in that region. This paper attempts to draw a segmentation of the Arab world to show how different countries differ in this regard. It looks at two specific measures: the level of female participation as a percentage of male participation (FPM), and the female earned income to male income (FIM). Statistics from 20 Arab countries generated four clusters in which those countries are classified. Female labour indicators in most countries in the Arab world show similar patterns found in other countries in their stage of development. This confirms earlier research that indicates that women's labour participation decreases as societies move away from agriculture into manufacturing, services and industry. Only four countries are identified as outliers whose labour indicators can be understood within the context of the cultural values that dominate. The implications are discussed and individual research on female labour within each Arab country is invited.

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The Impacts of Urban Sprawl on the Commuting Patterns of the Metropolitan Regions in Korea

Korean Cartographic Association ◽

10.16879/jkca.2020.20.3.073 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 73-92

Author(s):

Nayoung Ryu ◽

◽

Insu Hong

Keyword(s):

Urban Sprawl ◽

Metropolitan Regions ◽

Commuting Patterns

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Understanding commuting patterns and changes: Counterfactual analysis in a planning support framework

Environment and Planning B Urban Analytics and City Science ◽

10.1177/2399808320924433 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (8) ◽

pp. 1440-1455 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tianren Yang

Keyword(s):

Travel Demand ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Predictive Ability ◽

Mobile Phone Data ◽

City Centre ◽

Planning Support ◽

Economic Framework ◽

City Regions ◽

Commuting Patterns ◽

Changes Over Time

In order to contain commuting distance growth and relieve traffic burden in mega-city regions, it is essential to understand journey-to-work patterns and changes in those patterns. This research develops a planning support model that integrates increasingly available mobile phone data and conventional statistics into a theoretical urban economic framework to reveal and explain commuting changes. Base-year calibration and cross-year validation were conducted first to test the model’s predictive ability. Counterfactual simulations were then applied to help local planners and policymakers understand which factors lead to differences in commuting patterns and how different policies influence various categorical zones (i.e. centre, near suburbs, sub-centres and far suburbs). The case study of Shanghai shows that jobs–housing co-location results in shorter commutes and that policymakers should be more cautious when determining workplace locations as they play a more significant role in mitigating excessive commutes and redistributing travel demand. Furthermore, land use and transport developments should be coordinated across spatial scales to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes for both the city centre and the suburbs. Coupled with empirical evidence explaining commuting changes over time, the proposed model can deliver timely and situation-cogent messages regarding the success or failure of planned policy initiatives.

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Female Labour Participation with Concurrent Demographic Processes: An Estimation for Italy

Causal Analysis in Population Studies - The Springer Series on Demographic Methods and Population Analysis ◽

10.1007/978-1-4020-9967-0_7 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 149-165

Author(s):

Gustavo De Santis ◽

Antonino Di Pino

Keyword(s):

Female Labour ◽

Labour Participation ◽

Demographic Processes

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Problems of Female Labour Participation

Social Scientist ◽

10.2307/3517193 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 17 (11/12) ◽

pp. 111

Author(s):

Nina Rao ◽

A. V. Jose

Keyword(s):

Female Labour ◽

Labour Participation

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Why a Book on Danish Politics?

The Oxford Handbook of Danish PoliticsThe Oxford Handbook of Danish Politics ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198833598.013.1 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. xx-5

Author(s):

Peter Munk Christiansen ◽

Jørgen Elklit ◽

Peter Nedergaard

Keyword(s):

Local Elections ◽

Regional Government ◽

Publicly Funded ◽

New Parties ◽

Female Labour ◽

Labour Participation ◽

Legislative Proposals ◽

History Of ◽

Service Sectors ◽

High Level

Danish politics is comparable to the politics of other small European states. However, it is also unique because of its many years of minority governments, its history of EU opt-outs, its high electoral turnout even in local elections, and its high level of trust in government and Parliament. Other remarkable features are high female labour participation in spite of a lack of proactive gender policies, and one of the world’s largest local and regional government sectors. Denmark had its earthquake election as early as 1973 with many new parties entering Parliament. However, the June 2019 elections still saw the huge majority of voters voting for old parties. Denmark is also known as a country with a high taxation level and one of the world’s biggest publicly funded service sectors, possibly because minority governments strive for majority support for their legislative proposals. Other specific characteristics are the mix of market-oriented policies and the huge welfare state. These topics—and many more—are presented, analysed, and discussed in the book. The intention has been that the chapters should reflect the state-of-the-art in research on the various topics and simultaneously provide new knowledge and suggest future lines of research.

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