Individual Differences in the Visual Component of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E Melamed ◽  
Peter A Beckett ◽  
Michael Halay
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Straight Ahead

The centrality of individual differences in the visual component of perceptual adaptation was examined in a massed-practice—terminal-exposure, prism-viewing paradigm. With positive (adaptive) adjustments in the judgment of the visual straight-ahead, target-pointing aftereffects were found to be equivalent to the sum of the visual and proprioceptive (head—arm) aftereffects. For subjects showing negative visual adjustments to prism exposure, the target-pointing aftereffect was not significantly different from the change in proprioception alone. Implications of these findings for hypotheses concerning the process of perceptual adaptation are discussed.

Speculations on a Model of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Welch
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Visual Shift ◽  
Proprioceptive Shift ◽  
Negative Aftereffect ◽  
Corrective Response

Arguments and evidence are presented that prism adaptation results in a third end state in addition to the ‘traditional’ components of ‘proprioceptive shift’ and ‘visual shift’. That is, under certain conditions (most importantly, ones involving error-corrective feedback), exposure to prism-displaced vision induces a motor-learning component, referred to here as an ‘assimilated corrective response’. Thus the postexposure error in target pointing, the ‘negative aftereffect’, is postulated to be the algebraic sum of proprioceptive shift, visual shift, and an assimilated corrective response—at least in certain situations. Support for the existence of this third component as a form of learning is seen in the fact that it occurs primarily when prism exposure involves target-pointing experience, and that it is apparently subject to the effects of some ‘learning variables’.

scholarly journals Left-Deviating Prism Adaptation in Left Neglect Patient: Reflexions on a Negative Result

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Luauté ◽  
Sophie Jacquin-Courtois ◽  
Jacinta O'Shea ◽  
Laure Christophe ◽  
Gilles Rode ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Spatial Neglect ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Neglect Patient ◽  
Pointing Movement ◽  
Pointing Movements ◽  
Straight Ahead ◽  
Lateral Specificity

Adaptation to right-deviating prisms is a promising intervention for the rehabilitation of patients with left spatial neglect. In order to test the lateral specificity of prism adaptation on left neglect, the present study evaluated the effect of left-deviating prism on straight-ahead pointing movements and on several classical neuropsychological tests in a group of five right brain-damaged patients with left spatial neglect. A group of healthy subjects was also included for comparison purposes. After a single session of exposing simple manual pointing to left-deviating prisms, contrary to healthy controls, none of the patients showed a reliable change of the straight-ahead pointing movement in the dark. No significant modification of attentional paper-and-pencil tasks was either observed immediately or 2 hours after prism adaptation. These results suggest that the therapeutic effect of prism adaptation on left spatial neglect relies on a specific lateralized mechanism. Evidence for a directional effect for prism adaptation both in terms of the side of the visuomanual adaptation and therefore possibly in terms of the side of brain affected by the stimulation is discussed.

Three timescales in prism adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Inoue ◽  
Motoaki Uchimura ◽  
Ayaka Karibe ◽  
Jacinta O'Shea ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
State Model ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three State Model ◽  
Two State Model ◽  
Adaptation Task ◽  
Plos Biol

It has been proposed that motor adaptation depends on at least two learning systems, one that learns fast but with poor retention and another that learns slowly but with better retention (Smith MA, Ghazizadeh A, Shadmehr R. PLoS Biol 4: e179, 2006). This two-state model has been shown to account for a range of behavior in the force field adaptation task. In the present study, we examined whether such a two-state model could also account for behavior arising from adaptation to a prismatic displacement of the visual field. We first confirmed that an “adaptation rebound,” a critical prediction of the two-state model, occurred when visual feedback was deprived after an adaptation-extinction episode. We then examined the speed of decay of the prism aftereffect (without any visual feedback) after repetitions of 30, 150, and 500 trials of prism exposure. The speed of decay decreased with the number of exposure trials, a phenomenon that was best explained by assuming an “ultraslow” system, in addition to the fast and slow systems. Finally, we compared retention of aftereffects 24 h after 150 or 500 trials of exposure: retention was significantly greater after 500 than 150 trials. This difference in retention could not be explained by the two-state model but was well explained by the three-state model as arising from the difference in the amount of adaptation of the “ultraslow process.” These results suggest that there are not only fast and slow systems but also an ultraslow learning system in prism adaptation that is activated by prolonged prism exposure of 150–500 trials.

Individual differences in perceptual adaptation to phonetic categories: Categorization gradiency and cognitive abilities

2017 ◽  
Vol 142 (4) ◽  
pp. 2704-2704
Author(s):  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Meghan Clayards ◽  
Eun Jong Kong
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Phonetic Categories

Visual prediction as indicated by perceptual adaptation to temporal delays and discrete stimulation

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-204
Author(s):  
Douglas W. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Sensor Systems ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation

AbstractAnalogous to prism adaptation, sensorimotor compensation for existing neural delays has been clearly demonstrated. This system can also adapt to new delays, both internal and external. This seems to occur at least partially in the sensor systems, and works for discrete, stationary events. This provides additional evidence for visual prediction, but not in a manner that is consistent with spatial extrapolation.

Individual differences in perceptual adaptation to unfamiliar phonetic categories

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
pp. 100984
Author(s):  
Donghyun Kim ◽  
Meghan Clayards ◽  
Eun Jong Kong
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Phonetic Categories

The Propriocpetive Aftereffects of Prism Adaptation Influence Interlimb Rhythmic Coordination

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (26) ◽  
pp. 2179-2183
Author(s):  
David Black ◽  
Michael A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Proprioceptive Shift ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination

Adaptation to prisms can produce a change in felt arm position, termed proprioceptive shift. We studied the effects of prism-induced proprioceptive shift on interlimb rhythmic coordination performed under haptic (proprioceptive) guidance, in the absence of vision. Relative to interlimb rhythmic coordination performed before prism exposure, the observed steady states of relative phase for post-exposure coordination were shifted by a small but reliable amount. The shift was in the direction expected given the direction of optical displacement. The amount of variability of interlimb rhythmic coordination was unaffected by prism exposure. The implications of the results apply to virtual environment design.

Prism Adaptation to Moving and Stationary Target Exposures

Perception ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Arm Movement ◽  
Active Movement ◽  
Moving Target ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Viewing Condition ◽  
Stationary Target ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Prism Displacement ◽  
Availability Model ◽  
Visual Aftereffect

The magnitude of proprioceptive adaptation and visual adaptation to prism displacement was assessed for various target conditions during either observed, active or passive arm movements. Active arm movement was found superior to passive arm movement in the production of proprioceptive aftereffects and visual aftereffects. In addition, observation of a stationary target or a moving target during prism exposure produced significant proprioceptive adaptation for a passive arm viewing condition while enhancing such adaptation magnitude for an active arm movement situation. With no target present during prism exposure, significant proprioceptive adaptation was only found with active movement. The greatest visual aftereffect was produced when a moving target was observed during prism exposure. The results are interpreted in terms of an information-availability model of perceptual adaptation.

scholarly journals Improvement of Mental Imagery after Prism Exposure in Neglect: A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Rode ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Dominique Boisson
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
The Right

Previous work has shown that various symptoms of unilateral neglect, including the pathological shift of the subjective midline to the right, may be improved by a short adaptation period to a prismatic shift of the visual field to the right. We report here the improvement of imagined neglect after prism exposure in a patient with a left unilateral neglect. Despite a strong neglect observed for mental images as well as for conventional tests, the mental evocation of left-sided information from an internal image of the map of France map was fully recovered following prism adaptation to the right. This improvement could not be explained by the alteration of visuomotor responses induced by the prism adaptation. Prism adaptation may therefore act not only on sensory-motor levels but also on a higher cognitive level of mental space representation and/or exploration.

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