Speculations on a Model of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
R B Welch
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Visual Shift ◽  
Proprioceptive Shift ◽  
Negative Aftereffect ◽  
Corrective Response

Arguments and evidence are presented that prism adaptation results in a third end state in addition to the ‘traditional’ components of ‘proprioceptive shift’ and ‘visual shift’. That is, under certain conditions (most importantly, ones involving error-corrective feedback), exposure to prism-displaced vision induces a motor-learning component, referred to here as an ‘assimilated corrective response’. Thus the postexposure error in target pointing, the ‘negative aftereffect’, is postulated to be the algebraic sum of proprioceptive shift, visual shift, and an assimilated corrective response—at least in certain situations. Support for the existence of this third component as a form of learning is seen in the fact that it occurs primarily when prism exposure involves target-pointing experience, and that it is apparently subject to the effects of some ‘learning variables’.

The Propriocpetive Aftereffects of Prism Adaptation Influence Interlimb Rhythmic Coordination

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (26) ◽  
pp. 2179-2183
Author(s):  
David Black ◽  
Michael A. Riley
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Environment ◽  
Relative Phase ◽  
Steady States ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Environment Design ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Proprioceptive Shift ◽  
Optical Displacement ◽  
Rhythmic Coordination

Adaptation to prisms can produce a change in felt arm position, termed proprioceptive shift. We studied the effects of prism-induced proprioceptive shift on interlimb rhythmic coordination performed under haptic (proprioceptive) guidance, in the absence of vision. Relative to interlimb rhythmic coordination performed before prism exposure, the observed steady states of relative phase for post-exposure coordination were shifted by a small but reliable amount. The shift was in the direction expected given the direction of optical displacement. The amount of variability of interlimb rhythmic coordination was unaffected by prism exposure. The implications of the results apply to virtual environment design.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of Human Cerebellum-Dependent Motor Learning through Prism Adaptation of Hand-Reaching Movement

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0119376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Hashimoto ◽  
Takeru Honda ◽  
Ken Matsumura ◽  
Makoto Nakao ◽  
Kazumasa Soga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Reaching Movement ◽  
Human Cerebellum

Interlimb Transfer after Adaptation to Visual Displacement: Patterns Predicted from the Functional Closeness of Limb Neural Control Centres

Perception ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Digby Elliott ◽  
Eric A Roy
Keyword(s):  
Neural Control ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Contralateral Limb ◽  
Change Scores ◽  
Visual Change ◽  
Negative Aftereffect ◽  
Opposite Limb ◽  
Displacement Patterns

Two experiments were designed to determine whether interlimb transfer of prism adaptation follows a pattern predicted by the functional closeness of limb control centres. Subjects were adapted to a lateral displacing prism with their right arm in conditions known to facilitate interlimb transfer. Negative aftereffect measures of target-pointing shift were taken for all limbs. If transfer to the unadapted limbs is primarily the result of some sort of visual change, scores for those limbs should not differ. However, if the functional cerebral closeness of limb control centres is a factor, the greatest shift should be evidenced in the homologous contralateral limb (left arm), followed by the ipsilateral limb (right leg), with the least shift to the diagonally opposite limb (left leg). No differences in shift among the three unadapted limbs was found in the two experiments.

Three timescales in prism adaptation

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masato Inoue ◽  
Motoaki Uchimura ◽  
Ayaka Karibe ◽  
Jacinta O'Shea ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Feedback ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
State Model ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Three State Model ◽  
Two State Model ◽  
Adaptation Task ◽  
Plos Biol

It has been proposed that motor adaptation depends on at least two learning systems, one that learns fast but with poor retention and another that learns slowly but with better retention (Smith MA, Ghazizadeh A, Shadmehr R. PLoS Biol 4: e179, 2006). This two-state model has been shown to account for a range of behavior in the force field adaptation task. In the present study, we examined whether such a two-state model could also account for behavior arising from adaptation to a prismatic displacement of the visual field. We first confirmed that an “adaptation rebound,” a critical prediction of the two-state model, occurred when visual feedback was deprived after an adaptation-extinction episode. We then examined the speed of decay of the prism aftereffect (without any visual feedback) after repetitions of 30, 150, and 500 trials of prism exposure. The speed of decay decreased with the number of exposure trials, a phenomenon that was best explained by assuming an “ultraslow” system, in addition to the fast and slow systems. Finally, we compared retention of aftereffects 24 h after 150 or 500 trials of exposure: retention was significantly greater after 500 than 150 trials. This difference in retention could not be explained by the two-state model but was well explained by the three-state model as arising from the difference in the amount of adaptation of the “ultraslow process.” These results suggest that there are not only fast and slow systems but also an ultraslow learning system in prism adaptation that is activated by prolonged prism exposure of 150–500 trials.

The Roles of Target and Eye Motion in the Production of the Visual Shift in Prism Adaptation

1984 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wallace ◽  
Leslie E. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Visual Shift ◽  
Eye Motion

Transfer of memory trace of cerebellum-dependent motor learning in human prism adaptation: A model study

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soichi Nagao ◽  
Takeru Honda ◽  
Tadashi Yamazaki
Keyword(s):  
Motor Learning ◽  
Memory Trace ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Model Study

scholarly journals Improvement of Mental Imagery after Prism Exposure in Neglect: A Case Study

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Rode ◽  
Yves Rossetti ◽  
Ling Li ◽  
Dominique Boisson
Keyword(s):  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Space Representation ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Cognitive Level ◽  
Unilateral Neglect ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
The Right

Previous work has shown that various symptoms of unilateral neglect, including the pathological shift of the subjective midline to the right, may be improved by a short adaptation period to a prismatic shift of the visual field to the right. We report here the improvement of imagined neglect after prism exposure in a patient with a left unilateral neglect. Despite a strong neglect observed for mental images as well as for conventional tests, the mental evocation of left-sided information from an internal image of the map of France map was fully recovered following prism adaptation to the right. This improvement could not be explained by the alteration of visuomotor responses induced by the prism adaptation. Prism adaptation may therefore act not only on sensory-motor levels but also on a higher cognitive level of mental space representation and/or exploration.

Individual Differences in the Visual Component of Prism Adaptation

Perception ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 699-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E Melamed ◽  
Peter A Beckett ◽  
Michael Halay
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Prism Adaptation ◽  
Perceptual Adaptation ◽  
Massed Practice ◽  
Prism Exposure ◽  
Visual Component ◽  
Straight Ahead

The centrality of individual differences in the visual component of perceptual adaptation was examined in a massed-practice—terminal-exposure, prism-viewing paradigm. With positive (adaptive) adjustments in the judgment of the visual straight-ahead, target-pointing aftereffects were found to be equivalent to the sum of the visual and proprioceptive (head—arm) aftereffects. For subjects showing negative visual adjustments to prism exposure, the target-pointing aftereffect was not significantly different from the change in proprioception alone. Implications of these findings for hypotheses concerning the process of perceptual adaptation are discussed.

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