Predicting leaf area development in response to temperature in three tropical annual forage legumes

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 253 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Pengelly ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
F. P. C. Blamey
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Thermal Time ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Ley legumes are an important option in nitrogen (N) management in cropping–livestock systems in Australia’s northern cropping region. The complexity of managing N and water in these systems is increasingly being aided by the use of crop models which require quantitative estimates of the various components of growth. A study to predict plant leaf area (PLA) of 3 tropical forage legumes as a function of temperature under irrigated conditions was conducted at Gatton, south-eastern Queensland. The legumes were phasey bean [Macroptilium lathyroides (L.) Urban.], vigna [Vigna trilobata (L.) Verdc.], and sesbania (Sesbania cannabina Retz.). The PLA was to be predicted by establishing a relationship between plastochron index (PI) and accumulated thermal time, and then between PLA and PI. Daily rate of increase in PI (DIPI) was strongly related to accumulated thermal time in all species, with DIPI higher for phasey bean (0.51 degree-days) and sesbania (0.54 degree-days) than for vigna (0.14 degree-days). At a plant density of 50 plants/m2, the relationship between PI and PLA was largely dependent upon the proportion of PLA originating from branches rather than from the main stem. In sesbania, <20% of the PLA was contributed from leaves originating from branches, compared with about 40% in phasey bean and about 75% in vigna. The slope of the linear component of the relationship between PLA and PI in sesbania (85 cm2) was slightly less than the maximum leaf area per node recorded. The comparable slope for phasey bean was 57 cm2, being greater than the area of any individual leaf (40–50 cm2) because of the greater contribution of leaves originating from branches. In vigna, the very large contribution of leaves originating from branches to PLA, together with the slower DIPI for that species, resulted in the relationship between PI and PLA being much steeper than in either of the other species. The parameters developed for each species were successfully validated using independent data from other experiments in south-eastern Queensland. Increase in PLA in response to accumulated thermal time can be successfully predicted for these 3 tropical legumes at the set plant density. The successful prediction of PLA for legumes with a high degree of branching is of special significance, as it indicates that these methods may have application in predicting leaf growth in legumes which are being grazed and which have a number of active growing points. Nevertheless, the stability of the derived parameters needs to be assessed under a range of plant densities before they can be widely used to predict leaf area development in ley legumes.

Influence of plant density and growth habit of common bean on leaf area development and N accumulation

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 620-632
Author(s):  
José A. Clavijo Michelangeli ◽  
Jaumer Ricaurte ◽  
Thomas R. Sinclair ◽  
Idupulapati M. Rao ◽  
Stephen E. Beebe
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Growth and Productivity of Tapioca (Manihot utilissima)—I. Leaf Characteristics and Yield

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. N. Williams ◽  
S. M. Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Leaf Characteristics ◽  
Horizontal Orientation ◽  
Leaf Properties ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

SummaryThe shoots of high, medium and low yielding clones of tapioca were examined to see whether yield was associated with morphological characteristics of the foliage and/or with leaf area development. The lowest yielding variety had the highest leaf area per stem, and vice versa, differences in leaf area being mainly due to differences in leaf size. Leaves of the highest yielding variety possessed attenuated lobes, which tended to have a more vertical mid-day orientation, whereas the lowest yielding variety possessed large broad-lobed leaves with more horizontal orientation. The intermediate variety had acutely attenuated lobes and showed a much more vertical day-time orientation. The relationship between the leaf properties and canopy efficiency is discussed.

Effects of nitrogen supply on canopy development of maize and sunflower

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Massignam ◽  
S. C. Chapman ◽  
G. L. Hammer ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Carbon Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Nitrogen ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Canopy Development ◽  
N Limitation ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

Nitrogen (N) limitation reduces canopy carbon assimilation by directly reducing leaf photosynthesis, and by developmentally reducing the rate of new leaf area development and accelerating leaf senescence. Effective use of N for biomass production under N limitation may be considered to be a result of a trade-off between the use of N to maintain high levels of specific leaf nitrogen (SLN the amount of N per unit leaf area) for high photosynthetic rate versus using N to maintain leaf area development (leaf area index – LAI). The objective here is to compare the effects of N supply on the dynamics of LAI and SLN for two crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) that contrast in the structure and development of their canopy. Three irrigated experiments imposed different levels of N and plant density. While LAI in both maize and sunflower was reduced under N limitation, leaf area development was more responsive to N supply in sunflower than maize. Observations near anthesis showed that sunflower tended to maintain SLN and adjust leaf area under reduced N supply, whereas maize tended to maintain leaf area and adjust SLN first, and, when this was not sufficient, SLN was also reduced. The two species responded differently to variation in N supply, and the implication of these different strategies for crop adaptation and management is discussed.

Corrigendum - Leaf area development in barley—model construction and response to soil moisture status

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
SP Milroy ◽  
PJ Goyne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

A model to simulate leaf area development for barley at the whole plant level was constructed. Data for leaf area development in the absence of soil water stress were collected from irrigated field trials grown at Hermitage Research Station, near Warwick, Queensland, in 1990. The response of leaf area expansion to soil water status was measured in a glasshouse trial. In the model, green leaf area per plant (GPLA) is derived as the difference between total leaf area produced per plant (TPLA) and senesced leaf area (SPLA). TPLA and SPLA are described by logistic functions of thermal time. Two types of senescence are included: that due to ageing of the whole plant (ontogenetic senescence) and senescence associated with the development of large canopies (light-induced senescence). The onset of ontogenetic senescence is linked to anthesis, whereas light-induced senescence occurs if the leaf area index of the crop exceeds 5.5. Leaf expansion of plants in pots varying in the fraction of transpirable soil water available (FTSW) was compared with leaf expansion of those in well-watered pots three times per week. The relationship between relative leaf expansion (RLE) and FTSW was described by a logistic function (r2 = 0.96). A 50% reduction in RLE occurred when FTSW = 0.34. Similarly, a logistic function described the relationship between relative transpiration (RT) and FTSW (r2 = 0.96). A 50% reduction in RT occurred when FTSW = 0.17. Potential leaf expansion as predicted by the non-stressed model was reduced in response to moisture stress via a ramp function relating RLE to RT. The model gave an unbiased prediction of the leaf area dynamics for 21 rainfed and irrigated crops of barley grown in southern Queensland between 1986 and 1993 (RMSD = 1.09 m2 m-2, r2 = 0.75, n = 76). Precision may have been reduced by the lack of information available on parameters for soil water balance when barley is grown on a range of soil types.

Leaf area development in barley—model construction and response to soil moisture status

1995 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 845
Author(s):  
SP Milroy ◽  
PJ Goyne
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Logistic Function ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

A model to simulate leaf area development for barley at the whole plant level was constructed. Data for leaf area development in the absence of soil water stress were collected from irrigated field trials grown at Hermitage Research Station, near Warwick, Queensland, in 1990. The response of leaf area expansion to soil water status was measured in a glasshouse trial. In the model, green leaf area per plant (GPLA) is derived as the difference between total leaf area produced per plant (TPLA) and senesced leaf area (SPLA). TPLA and SPLA are described by logistic functions of thermal time. Two types of senescence are included: that due to ageing of the whole plant (ontogenetic senescence) and senescence associated with the development of large canopies (light-induced senescence). The onset of ontogenetic senescence is linked to anthesis, whereas light-induced senescence occurs if the leaf area index of the crop exceeds 5.5. Leaf expansion of plants in pots varying in the fraction of transpirable soil water available (FTSW) was compared with leaf expansion of those in well-watered pots three times per week. The relationship between relative leaf expansion (RLE) and FTSW was described by a logistic function (r2 = 0.96). A 50% reduction in RLE occurred when FTSW = 0.34. Similarly, a logistic function described the relationship between relative transpiration (RT) and FTSW (r2 = 0.96). A 50% reduction in RT occurred when FTSW = 0.17. Potential leaf expansion as predicted by the non-stressed model was reduced in response to moisture stress via a ramp function relating RLE to RT. The model gave an unbiased prediction of the leaf area dynamics for 21 rainfed and irrigated crops of barley grown in southern Queensland between 1986 and 1993 (RMSD = 1.09 m2 m-2, r2 = 0.75, n = 76). Precision may have been reduced by the lack of information available on parameters for soil water balance when barley is grown on a range of soil types.

Leaf Area Development, Light Interception, and Yield among Switchgrass Populations in a Short‐Season Area

Crop Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 827-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Madakadze ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
P. Peterson ◽  
K. A. Stewart ◽  
R. Samson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development

scholarly journals Determination of leaf area coefficient in sunflower.

1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 238-242
Author(s):  
A.S.R. Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Area Estimation ◽  
End Use ◽  
The Relationship

For studies on the relationship between photosynthetic capacity and yield components in sunflower a method for estimating leaf area was required. To this end use of the leaf area coefficient (LAC), i.e. the quotient area/(length X max. width), was evaluated. It was found that LAC may be a function of leaf position and plant density, depending on the cv. concerned. For the Russian cv. Armavirec, LAC was independent of leaf position and plant density. For the Rumanian hybrid HS 18, LAC was dependent on leaf position but not plant density. For the French hybrid INRA 4701, LAC depended on both leaf position and plant density, but even in this case, it was concluded that LAC can be a useful aid in leaf area estimation. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Leaf area development and yield of cassava in response to pruning of shoots and the late supply of nitrogen and potassium

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1422
Author(s):  
Lydia Helena S.O. Mota ◽  
Adalton M. Fernandes ◽  
Natália S. Assunção ◽  
Hugo M.F. Leite
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development
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