The effect of differences in intensity and frequency of defoliation on the growth of Phalaris aquatica L. and Dactylis glomerata L

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hill
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cutting Frequency ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Cutting Regimes ◽  
Cutting Height ◽  
Stem Production

The response of phalaris (Phalaris aquaticu cv. Sirosa, Sirolan and Seedmaster) and cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata cv. Currie) to 2- or 4-weekly cutting at heights of 2 or 7 cm was compared in a glasshouse experiment. Treatments were imposed over a period of 16 weeks.Dry matter production was greatest under the most lenient defoliation regime (4 week17 cm) and least under the most severe defoliation regime (2 week12 cm). Differences in harvested dry matter per tiller and leaf area per pot among cultivars increased with increasing leniency of defoliation. There were significant cultivar x cutting frequency x cutting height interactions for total winter leaf and spring stem production. Harvested dry matter from Sirosa and Sirolan was greater than that from Seedmaster under 4-weekly cutting, although differences in harvested dry matter per tiller were evident under all cutting regimes. Currie cocksfoot consistently maintained higher tiller numbers than the phalaris cultivars, but leaf, stem and leaf area production per tiller were generally ranked Sirolan > Sirosa > Seedmaster> Currie. When reproductive tillers were decapitated, Sirolan and Sirosa tended to produce more new tillers than Seedmaster under frequent cutting. More crown buds were found at the base of Sirolan tillers than on those of other phalaris cultivars, but the number of buds was reduced more on Sirolan with increasing severity of defoliation than on other cultivars. It is postulated that Sirolan and Sirosa may benefit from spelling in spring, and defoliation to a higher residual herbage mass andlor sward height than Australian-Seedmaster type.

SOD-SEEDING BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL IN ESTABLISHED ORCHARDGRASS WITH OVERALL OR BANDED HERBICIDES

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. L. NICHOLS ◽  
R. A. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
Stand Establishment ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L. ’Viking’) was seeded directly into a predominantly orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) sward following overall or banded applications of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4, 4′-bipyridinium ion, as dichloride salt) or glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine, as isopropylamine salt] to determine the degree of sward control necessary for stand establishment without tillage. Effects of the herbicide treatments and the seeding on botanical composition and dry matter production were determined by a vertical intercept technique and by hand separations of harvests into botanical components. Trefoil establishment was proportional to the degree of sward control during the seeding year. Little trefoil was established by direct seeding without herbicides. The banded herbicide treatments were less effective than overall herbicide applications for trefoil establishment. Trefoil yield obtained following overall application of paraquat was approximately 65% of that obtained following overall glyphosate treatment.Key words: Dactylis glomerata, glyphosate, Lotus corniculatus, herbicide, no-tillage, paraquat

Analysis of the regrowth of a tropical grass/legume sward subjected to different frequencies and intensities of defoliation

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 673 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Ludlow ◽  
DA Charles-Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Canopy Photosynthesis ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Cutting Height

Dry weight, leaf area, light interception and canopy photosynthesis were measured during 3- or 5-week regrowth periods of Setaria anceps/Desmodium intortum swards cut to 7.5 or 15 cm. Dry matter production during the experiment and over the growing season increased with cutting height and with interval between defoliations, but the proportion of grass to legume was unaffected. These effects of defoliation on dry matter production were similar to those estimated for integrated canopy photosynthesis from measured light interception and calculated leaf photosynthetic characteristics. Height and frequency of defoliation had no effect on canopy extinction coefficient for light, nor on the leaf photosynthetic characteristics, except for the first 1-2 weeks after defoliation when leaf photosynthetic rates appeared to be depressed. The main effects of height and frequency of defoliation on dry matter production were through their effects on leaf area index and light interception.

scholarly journals An evaluation of tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot in mixes as an alternative to single-species pastures

1994 ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
R.J. Johnson ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
T.G. Judd
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Phalaris Aquatica ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Seasonal and annual dry matter production of ryegrass was compared with drought- and grass grub-tolerant species Grasslands Roa tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), Grasslands Maru phalaris (Phalaris aquatica L.) and Grasslands Kara cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.) as both single species and different combinations of mixes in two trials from 1982 to 1991. In trial 1, Nui ryegrass (damaged by Argentine stem weevil) produced significantly less than cocksfoot, phalaris and mixtures of the drought-tolerant grasses. Yatsyn-1 ryegrass in trial 2 was not subjected to stem weevil attack and the annual dry matter production was significantly higher than that of tall fescue and, although not significantly, higher than that of phalaris and cocksfoot. In both trials the highest producing mixture was the phalaris/ cocksfoot mix with the exception of the triple mix of phalaris/cocksfoot/tall fescue in trial 2. The phalaris/cocksfoot mix produced significantly more than phalaris as a single species and although not significant, 14% more than cocksfoot suggesting these species are complementary in a mix. The triple mix in trial 2 produced significantly more than all single species except ryegrass. Mixes of srgnificant. tall fescue/phalaris and tall fescue/cocksfoot had no advantage in DM production over single-species sowings of phalaris or cocksfoot, but improved yields over tall fescue. These results show possible complementary effects to sowing phalaris and cocksfoot. The addition of tall fescue to the mix had small and non-significant benefits. Keywords: Dactylis glomerata, Festuca arundinacea, Loliumperenne, Phalaris aquatica. grass grub, pasture mixes, pasture production, single species, summer dry spells

scholarly journals Grass grub tolerant pastures and fertiliser nitrogen as an alternative to white clover in pasture subject to grass grub attack

1990 ◽  
pp. 105-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.A. Mccallum ◽  
N.A. Thomson ◽  
A.H.C. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
White Clover ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prairie Grass ◽  
Average Annual Production ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of replacing white clover with fertiliser nitrogen (N) on dry matter production and grass grub populations in 'Grasslands Roa' tell fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 'Grasslands Mat-u' phalaris (Phalutis aquatica L.), 'Grasslands Kara' cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), 'Grasslands Mama' prairie grass (Bromus willdenowii Kunth) and 'old' (30 year plus) ryegrass was measured over a 2 year period. For all pastures the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N significantly reduced grass grub numbers. This was greatest in tall fescue, phalaris and cocksfoot, showing that pure swards of these species were resistant to grass grub. Decreases in grass grub numbers in ryegrass and prairie grass were less. There was overall a significant increase in pasture production by eliminating white clover and applying fertiliser N, with a differential response between species. Average annual production of prairie grass was unaffected, whereas the yield of cocksfoot increased by 9 % and old ryegrass, phalaris and tall fescue increased by 26 % . Most of this extra production for tall fescue and phalaris occurred in autumn. These results show that the use of tall fescue and phalaris and the replacement of white clover with fertiliser N has potential for increasing pasture production in districts subject to grass damage. Keywords old ryegrass, Roa tall fescue, Maru phalaris, Kara cocksfoot, Matua prairie grass, white clover, grass grub, nitrogen fertiliser

The relation between tillering and dry matter production in cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). Grown under spaced and sward conditions.

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Knight
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Mutual Shading ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

A study of nine clones of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomemta) showed that differences between clones in dry matter production were not associated with tillering ability. The clones, seven of Mediterranean origin and two from Great Britain, were grown under the spacing conditions of a breeding nursery and in swards, but were not defoliated. Individual plant weight and tiller number were greatly reduced by sward conditions, as compared with plants under spaced conditions. Tiller weight was much less affected. Thus the lower individual plant weight in swards was associated mainly with fewer tillers. Tiller numbers in the swards rose to a peak during the second year, followed by a decline to the end of the growing season. The decline, which differed between clones, was related to plant weight and was probably correlated with the mutual shading of the plants.

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