Application of the Variable Oxygen Probe to Determine the π-Electron Donor Ability of the Alkyne Group

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (12) ◽  
pp. 1866 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin L. Harris ◽  
Jonathan M. White
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Donor ◽  
Oxygen Probe ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Donor Ability ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electron Demand ◽  
Electron Donor Ability

Eight ester and ether derivatives of propargyl alcohol with varying electron demand were structurally characterised using low temperature X-ray crystallography, these were combined with seven derivatives obtained from the Cambridge Structural Database. Variable oxygen probe analysis of these derivatives provided evidence that the ethynyl substituent is a relatively weak π-electron donor, and is a slightly less effective donor than the C–C bond of an ethyl substituent.

Imidazolin-2-iminato-Derivate der Thiokohlensäure [1] / Imidazolin-2-iminato Derivatives of Thiourea [1]

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 1055-1061 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norbert Kuhn ◽  
Riad Fawzi ◽  
Cacilia Maichle-Mößmer ◽  
Manfred Steimann ◽  
Jörg Wiethoff
Keyword(s):  
Electron Donor ◽  
Polar Solvents ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Donor Ability ◽  
Polymeric Solid ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electron Donor Ability

From 2-trimethylsilylimino-1,3-dimethylimidazoline (6, ImN-SiMe3) and CSCl2 the imidochlorothionic acid [ImN=C(S)Cl (7) is obtained; 7 gives with AlCl3 the cationic isothiocyanate [ImN=C=S]AlCl4 (9). The corresponding imidothiourea ImN=C(S)NEt2 (12) is formed reacting Et2NC(S)Cl (10) and ImNLi (11). The reaction of ImN=C(S)SSiMe3 (13) with iodine gives the dicationic species [{ImN=C(SSiMe3)S}2](I3)2 (14) which is transformed into the protonated imidothiourea [ImN=C(S)N(H)Im]I (16) by polar solvents. From 16 the imidothiourea (ImN)2CS (8) is obtained as a polymeric solid. The strong π-electron donor ability of the imido substituent ImN is revealed by the X-ray structure analyses of 12 and 16.

The Through-Bond Interaction of a Sulfur Lone Pair with Oxygenated Substituents in the Thiacyclohexane Framework

2005 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
Laura Andrau ◽  
Jonathan M. White
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Crystal Structures ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Lone Pair ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ester Derivative ◽  
Bond Interaction ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Electron Demand

Low-temperature X-ray crystal structures were determined on a range of derivatives of 4-thiacyclohexanol 5a of varying electron demand with a view to finding evidence for a through-bond interaction between the sulfur lone pair and the oxygenated substituent. In contrast to earlier suggestions, plots of C–OR bond distance versus pKa (ROH) showed that any interaction between the sulfur and the OR group is unlikely to be of a through-bond origin. Furthermore, unimolecular solvolysis rate measurements on the nosylate ester derivative 5g showed that the sulfur actually retards the reaction slightly in comparison with the corresponding sulfur-free analogue 6.

Gauging the Donor Ability of the C-Si Bond. Results from Low-Temperature Structural Studies of gauche and Antiperiplanar β-Trimethylsilyl-cyclohexyl Esters and Ethers by Use of the Variable Oxygen Probe.

2000 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison J. Green ◽  
Josie Giordano ◽  
Jonathan M. White
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Bond Distance ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
Oxygen Probe ◽  
Pka Value ◽  
Donor Ability ◽  
Derivatives Of

A plot of C–OR bond distance against pKa(ROH) for esters and ether derivatives of the antiperiplanar β-silyl alcohol (4) has a slope of –5.310–3. This represents a stronger response of the C–OR distance than was observed for the corresponding gauche β-silyl alcohol (5) and its derivatives. This result is consistent with the greater donor ability of a C–Si bond compared with a C–C bond. Comparison of these plots with those previously reported for derivatives (3) of tetrahydropyran-2-ol reveals that a C–Si bond is a weaker donor than an oxygen non-bonded pair of electrons. An estimate of the pKa value for 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfenic acid (14) was derived from these plots.

Highly Electron-Deficient Pyridinium-Nitrones for Rapid and Tunable Inverse-Electron-Demand Strain-Promoted Alkyne-Nitrone Cycloaddition to Bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Gunawardene ◽  
Wilson Luo ◽  
Alexander M. Polgar ◽  
John F. Corrigan ◽  
Mark Workentin
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional Theory ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Density Functional ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inverse Electron Demand ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Electron Demand

<div> <div> <p>Highly accelerated inverse-electron-demand strain-promoted alkyne-nitrone cycloaddition (IED SPANC) between a sta- ble cyclooctyne (bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN)) and nitrones delocalized into a Cα-pyridinium functionality is reported, with the most electron-deficient “pyridinium-nitrone” displaying among the most rapid cycloadditions to BCN that is currently reported. Density functional theory (DFT) and X-ray crystallography are explored to rationalize the effects of N- and Cα-substituent modifications at the nitrone on IED SPANC reaction kinetics and the overall rapid reactivity of pyridinium-delocalized nitrones.</p> </div> </div>

The direct electrochemical synthesis of some metal derivatives of lapachol

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 499-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. De Oliveira ◽  
G.E.A. Medeiros ◽  
C. Peppe ◽  
Martyn A. Brown ◽  
Dennis G. Tuck
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Copper Atom ◽  
Electrochemical Synthesis ◽  
Acetonitrile Solution ◽  
Triclinic Space Group ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metal Anode ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Metal Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of

The electrochemical oxidation of a sacrificial metal anode (M = Zn, Cd, Cu) in an acetonitrile solution of 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone, lapachol, C15H14O3 (=HL) gives ML2. The results are in keeping with earlier work on direct electrochemical synthesis in related systems. Adducts with 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy) and N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethanediamine (tmen) have also been prepared. The structure of the 2,2′-bipyridine adduct of Cu(lapacholate)2 has been established by X-ray crystallography. The parameters are triclinic, space group [Formula: see text], a = 12.748(59) Å, b = 13.859(49) Å, c = 11.770(59) Å, α = 108.30(4)°, β = 108.08(3)°, γ = 68.94(3)°, Z = 2, R = 0.059 for 2256 unique reflections. The copper atom is in a distorted CuN2O2O2′ environment. The mechanism of the formation of this Cu(lapacholate)2 is discussed. Keywords: electrochemical synthesis, lapachol, X-ray crystallography, copper(II) complex.

Triazene derivatives of (1,x-)diazacycloalkanes. Part VI. 3-({5,5-Dimethyl-3-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-imidazolidinyl}methyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]imidazolidines — Synthesis, characterization, and X-ray crystal structure

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (10) ◽  
pp. 1294-1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Vaughan ◽  
Shasta Lee Moser ◽  
Reid Tingley ◽  
M Brad Peori ◽  
Valerio Bertolasi
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Ion Trapping ◽  
Published Data ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Diazonium Ion ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
C Nmr

Reaction of a series of diazonium salts with a mixture of formaldehyde and 1,2-diamino-2-methylpropane affords the 3-({5,5-dimethyl-3-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]-1-imidazolidinyl}methyl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-[2-aryl-1-diazenyl]imidazolidines (1a–1f) in excellent yield. The products have been characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopic analysis, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The X-ray crystal structure of the p-methoxycarbonyl derivative (1c) establishes without question the connectivity of these novel molecules, which can be described as linear bicyclic oligomers with two imidazolidinyl groups linked together by a one-carbon spacer. This is indeed a rare molecular building block. The molecular structure is corroborated by 1H and 13C NMR data, which correlates with the previously published data of compounds of types 5 and 6 derived from 1,3-propanediamine. The triazene moieties in the crystal of 1c display significant π conjugation, which gives the N—N bond a significant degree of double-bond character. This in turn causes restricted rotation around the N—N bond, which leads to considerable broadening of signals in both the 1H and 13C NMR spectra. The molecular ion of the p-cyanophenyl derivative (1b) was observed using electrospray mass spectrometry (ES + Na). The mechanism of formation of molecules of type 1 is proposed to involve diazonium ion trapping of the previously unreported bisimidazolidinyl methane (13).Key words: triazene, bistriazene, imidazolidine, synthesis, X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy.

scholarly journals CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF BIS[1-(DIAMINOMETHYLENE)-THIOURON-1-IUM] SULFATE

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Yuliya V. Butina ◽  
Elena A. Danilova ◽  
Maxim V. Dmitriev ◽  
Aleksey V. Solomonov
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Ir Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Crystalline State ◽  
Crystal Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tautomeric Forms ◽  
Structural Database ◽  
Derivatives Of

For citation:Butina Yu.V., Danilova E.A., Dmitriev M.V., Solomonov А.V. Crystal structure of bis[1-(diaminomethylene)-thiouron-1-ium] sulfate. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 45-49. In this work crystal data of bis[1-(diaminomethylene)-thiouron-1-ium] sulfate is shown. This compound was characterized by IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The monocrystal of this compound was obtained and the structure was confirmed by single X-ray analysis. Moreover, the work describes potential application of synthesized compound. Comparative characteristics of thiourea and its known salts are demonstrated. It is known, that derivatives of thiourea have several tautomeric forms, which can be different in crystalline state or in solution. Therefore, changed scheme of the synthesis of 2-imino-4-thiobiuret is proposed. Elemental cell of crystal consists of two 1-(diaminomethylene)thiouron-1-ium cations and one sulfat anion. A full set of X-ray diffraction data was deposited in the Cambridge Structural Database (deposit CCDC 1421710) and it can be gotten from the site www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.

scholarly journals NMR and X-ray studies of apetalic acid isolated from Calophyllum brasiliense and of its chiral amides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Rose Van Calsteren ◽  
Ricardo Reyes-Chilpa ◽  
Chistopher K Jankowski ◽  
Fleur Gagnon ◽  
Simón Hernández-Ortega ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Side Chain ◽  
Carboxyl Group ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Rain Forests ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Derivatives Of

The tropical tree Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) grows in the rain forests from Brazil to Mexico. Its leaves, as well as those of other Calophyllum species, are rich sources of chromanone acids, such as apetalic acid, isoapetalic acid, and their derivatives. Apetalic acid has shown significant antimycobacterial activity. The biological activity of apetalic acid has been related to the configuration of three asymmetric centers and the stereochemistry of the molecule; however, the C-19 configuration in the acidic side chain has not been fully resolved. For this reason, the unequivocal determination of the absolute configuration by means of X-ray crystallography in a sample of unique homogeneous apetalic acid stereoisomer was the most important point to start this study. We prepared some chiral amides using the carboxyl group. We determined the C-19 stereochemistry of apetalic acid, and its specific chiral derivatives, using NMR, X-ray diffraction methods, and molecular mechanics. Finally, we observed that steric hindrance in the side chain of apetalic acid leads to restriction of rotation around the pivotal link C-10 and C-19 establishing chiral centers at C2(R), C3(S), and C19(R). We were able to separate derivatives of these two high-rotatory-barrier conformers of apetalic acid by forming diastereoisomeric amides with phenylglycine methyl ester having a chiral center at C-2’. Our results allowed the conclusion of the existence of atropisomerism in the apetalic acid molecule.

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