The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

scholarly journals Efficiency of anther culture technique in the production of wheat double haploids

2008 ◽  
pp. 35-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankica Kondic-Spika ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Nikola Hristov
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Double Haploids

The objective of the study was to investigate efficiency of anther culture in the production of spontaneous double haploids from randomly selected heterozygous genotypes of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Anthers of 20 F1 wheat combinations were grown in vitro on a modified Potato-2 medium. All of the examined genotypes have shown the ability to produce pollen calluses as well as to regenerate green plants. On average for the whole experiment material, 47.2 calluses were produced per 100 cultured anthers. The green plant regeneration ranged from 0.8 to 13.4 green plants per spike, with an overall mean of 5.8. From the total of 582 regenerated green plants, 47.9% (279) were spontaneous double haploids. The final average yield from the study was 2.8 double haploids per spike.

Reciprocal substitutions analysis of embryo induction and plant regeneration from anther culture in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 158-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ghaemi ◽  
A. Sarrafi ◽  
R. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Reciprocal Effects ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Reciprocal Effect ◽  
Total Plant

Reciprocal substitutions for all chromosomes between the hard red winter wheat cultivars Wichita and Cheyenne were used to investigate the effects of individual chromosomes, as well as their interactions with the genetic background, on androgenesis. Duplicate lines for each chromosome were included to check background homogeneity. Six experiments, two for each genome, were performed. In each experiment, 14 substitution lines, their 14 duplicate lines, and the two parental genotypes ('Cheyenne' and 'Wichita') were studied. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replications. 'Wichita' and 'Cheyenne' differed significantly in embryo yield and green plant regeneration (except green plant regeneration for the B-genome tests) and were equal for albino and total plant regeneration. Embryogenesis was influenced by some chromosomes of the A, B, and D genomes; green plant production was influenced by all chromosomes of the A and D genomes except 5D; albino and total plant regeneration were affected by some chromosomes of the B and D genomes. Reciprocal effects were obtained with chromosomes 1A, 7A, 1B, 5B, 1D, and 2D for embryogenesis, chromosomes 2D and 7D for green plant regeneration, and chromosome 2D for total plant regeneration. Reciprocal substitution lines revealed reciprocal effects of homologous chromosomes, as well as interactions between substituted chromosomes and their specific genetic background.Key words: anther culture, reciprocal effect, substitution lines, Triticum aestivum, embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Androgenous ability of heterozygous wheat genotypes and cytological characteristics of green regenerants

Genetika ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Branka Ljevnaic ◽  
Ankica Kondic-Sipka ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Srbislav Dencic
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Cytological Analysis ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Albino Plants ◽  
Cytological Characteristics

Androgenous and regeneration abilities of 8 heterozygous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were analyzed in anther culture. Cytological characteristics of green regenerants were also analyzed. Significant differences were found among the genotypes in their androgenous and regeneration abilities. The average androgenous capacity of all genotypes was 4.4% ranging from 0.7% (Prima/Hueguen) to 11.0% (NS173-98/NS164-98). The average callus yield was 8.7%. The genotype Banks/F53-70 produced the highest number of green plants (33 green plants), while the genotype Banks/Pobeda showed no green plant regeneration ability. The frequency of albino plants ranged between 0% (Banks/Rodna) and 5.3% (Anastasija/Radika). A total of 61 green and 61 albino plants were regenerated. The results of cytological analysis showed that, from the total number of regenerated green plants, 40.9% were haploids and 59.1% were spontaneous double haploids.

Haploid production of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars through wheat × maize (Zea mays L.) crosses

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suenaga ◽  
A. R. Morshedi ◽  
N. L. Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Haploid Production ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Haploid Embryos

In order to reduce the labour for wheat haploid production through wheat maize crosses, several emasculation methods were investigated in combination with the ‘spike culture method’. Although the standard method whereby wheat spikes were hand-emasculated and pollinated on the day of anthesis gave a higher efficiency, the ‘non-emasculation method’ gave a comparable response. The use of the non-emasculation method and spike culture could eliminate much of the labour required for emasculation and treatment with 2,4-D, which is normally applied by injection into wheat internodes or by dropping onto florets after pollination with maize. Most of the selfed seeds were easily identified by the presence of endosperm, and the probability of contamination by the embryos originating from selfing among the presumptive haploid embryos in the non-emasculation method was very low. Twenty-seven Australian wheat cultivars were investigated for haploid production through wheat × maize crosses using the non-emasculation and spike culture methods. All of the 27 cultivars produced embryos after crossing with maize, with a mean efficiency of 33·1% (embryos/florets). Except for one cultivar, Tincurrin, plants were recovered from all of the cultivars (average of 61·5% including Tinccurin). This innovation of haploid production through wheat maize crosses is discussed.

Improved production of doubled haploids by colchicine application to wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) anther culture

1998 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 974-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Redha ◽  
T. Attia ◽  
B. Büter ◽  
S. Saisingtong ◽  
P. Stamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Colchicine Application

Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Anther Culture Response

The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also detected and indicate that the direction of the cross is important in determining microspore development. An embryogenic route to green plantlet formation was observed in a number of genotypes in the diallel experiment. The implications of these findings for barley improvement and genetics are discussed.Key words: doubled haploids, barley, anther culture, microspore, embryoid.

scholarly journals Effect of D Genome on Wheat Anther Culture Response After Cold and Mannitol Pretreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Lazaridou ◽  
Chryssanthi Pankou ◽  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of the D genome on embryoid induction and green plant regeneration in wheat anther culture and how it is influenced by low temperature and mannitol treatment. For this reason, the anther culture response of two Canadian bread wheat cultivars and their extracted tetraploids (AABB) was studied. As controls two cultivars well responding to anther-culture (i.e. cvs. Kavkaz/Cgn and Acheron) and a no-responding cultivar (cv. Vergina) were used. Approximately 3000 anthers of these cultivars were cultured and three pre-treatments were applied: cold pre-treatment for 7 and 18 days at 4°C, and 0.3M mannitol for seven days at 4°C. W14 and 190-2 were used as induction and regeneration media, respectively, and the basic MS medium as the rooting medium. No green plants were produced from the tetraploids, which supports the view that the D-genome chromosomes are necessary for androgenic response in wheat. Furthermore, the Canadian cultivars performed better after 18-day pre-treatment at 4°C. The extracted tetraploids produced fewer embryoids and performed better after seven days of cold pre-treatment. The controls well responding to anther culture performed better than the Canadian cultivars, although their best response was recorded after seven-day cold pre-treatment. Cultivar Vergina produced no green plants. The presence of mannitol influenced negatively both embryoid and green plant production. It was concluded that the D genome plays a crucial role in anther culture response of wheat and that this response is influenced by both the genotype and the duration of cold pre-treatment.

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