regeneration ability
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Medicines ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Ghanemi ◽  
Mayumi Yoshioka ◽  
Jonny St-Amand

Regenerative medicine uses the biological and medical knowledge on how the cells and tissue regenerate and evolve in order to develop novel therapies. Health conditions such as ageing, obesity and cancer lead to an impaired regeneration ability. Exercise, diet choices and sleeping pattern have significant impacts on regeneration biology via diverse pathways including reducing the inflammatory and oxidative components. Thus, exercise, diet and sleeping management can be optimized towards therapeutic applications in regenerative medicine. It could allow to prevent degeneration, optimize the biological regeneration and also provide adjuvants for regenerative medicine.


2022 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Sen Chen ◽  
Yu Sun

Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most prevalent sensory deficits in humans, and approximately 360 million people worldwide are affected. The current treatment option for severe to profound hearing loss is cochlear implantation (CI), but its treatment efficacy is related to the survival of spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs). SGNs are the primary sensory neurons, transmitting complex acoustic information from hair cells to second-order sensory neurons in the cochlear nucleus. In mammals, SGNs have very limited regeneration ability, and SGN loss causes irreversible hearing loss. In most cases of SNHL, SGN damage is the dominant pathogenesis, and it could be caused by noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, hereditary defects, presbycusis, etc. Tremendous efforts have been made to identify novel treatments to prevent or reverse the damage to SGNs, including gene therapy and stem cell therapy. This review summarizes the major causes and the corresponding mechanisms of SGN loss and the current protection strategies, especially gene therapy and stem cell therapy, to promote the development of new therapeutic methods.


Polymers ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Waleed A. El-Said ◽  
Jin-Ha Choi ◽  
Dina Hajjar ◽  
Arwa A. Makki ◽  
Jeong-Woo Choi

Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the development of eco-friendly solid sorbents that are cost-effective, noncorrosive, have a high gas capacity, and have low renewable energy for CO2 capture. Here, we claimed the fabrication of a three-dimensional (3D) film of hollow nanocones with a large surface area (949.5 m2/g), a large contact angle of 136.3°, and high surface energy. The synthetic technique is based on an electrochemical polymerization process followed by a novel and simple strategy for pulling off the formed layers as a membrane. Although the polymer-coated substrates were reported previously, the membrane formation has not been reported elsewhere. The detachable capability of the manufactured layer as a membrane braked the previous boundaries and allows the membrane’s uses in a wide range of applications. This 3D hollow nanocones membrane offer advantages over conventional ones in that they combine a π-electron-rich (aromatic ring), hydrophobicity, a large surface area, multiple amino groups, and a large pore volume. These substantial features are vital for CO2 capturing and storage. Furthermore, the hydrophobicity characteristic and application of the formed polymer as a CO2 sucker were investigated. These results demonstrated the potential of the synthesized 3D hollow polymer to be used for CO2 capturing with a gas capacity of about 68 mg/g and regeneration ability without the need for heat up.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Kuniyoshi Rebelatto ◽  
Alexandra Cristina Senegaglia ◽  
Claudio Luciano Franck ◽  
Debora Regina Daga ◽  
Patrícia Shigunov ◽  
...  

Abstract Background: COVID-19 is a multisystem disease that presents acute and persistent symptoms, the PostAcute Sequelae (PASC). Long-term symptoms may be due to consequences from organ or tissue injury caused by SARS-CoV-2, associated clotting or inflammatory processes during acute COVID-19. Various strategies are being chosen for by clinicians to prevent severe cases of COVID-19; however, a single treatment would not be efficient in treating such a complex disease. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known for their immunomodulatory properties and regeneration ability; therefore, they are a promising tool for treating disorders involving immune dysregulation and extensive tissue damage, as is the case with COVID-19. This study aimed to assess the safety and explore the long-term efficacy of three intravenous doses of UC-MSCs (umbilical cord-MSCs) as an adjunctive therapy in the recovery and postacute sequelae reduction caused by COVID-19. To our knowledge, this is the first report that presents the longest follow-up after MSC treatment in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a phase I/II, prospective, single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Seventeen patients diagnosed with COVID-19 who require intensive care surveillance and invasive mechanical ventilation – critically ill patients – were included. The patient infusion was three doses of 5x105 cells/kg UC-MSCs, with a dosing interval of 48 hours (n=11) or placebo (n=6). These evaluations consisted of a clinical assessment, viral load, laboratory testing, including blood count, serologic, biochemical, cell subpopulation, cytokines and CT scan. Results: The results revealed that in the UC-MSC group, there was a reduction in the levels of ferritin, IL-6 and MCP1-CCL2 on the fourteen day. In the second month, a decrease in the levels of reactive C-protein, D-dimer, and neutrophils and an increase in the numbers of TCD3, TCD4 and NK lymphocytes were observed. A decrease in lung extension was observed at the fourth month. The improvement in all these parameters was maintained until the end of patient follow-up. Conclusions: UC-MSCs infusion is safe and can play an important role as an adjunctive therapy, both in the early stages, preventing severe complications and in the chronic phase with postacute sequelae reduction in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Trial registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC), UTN code - U1111-1254-9819. Registered 31 October 2020 - Retrospectively registered, https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-3fz9yr


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandran Rajesh ◽  
Senthamarai Kannan Balaji ◽  
Prakash Ramesh ◽  
Narayanan Selvapalam ◽  
Karuppaiah Palanichelvam

Abstract To identify antimitotic compounds from abundant and inexpensive plant resources, banana pseudo-stem was (BPS) chosen. Onion root tip assay and earthworm regeneration assay were carried out to test theantimitotic potential of aqueous extract of BPS.Earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) regeneration assay exploits the regeneration ability of amputated earthworms that retain the clitellum region. Aqueous extract of BPS decreased the mitotic index in Allium cepa root tips. Besides, thisaqueous extract of BPS inhibited the regeneration of blastema from amputated earthworms as well. Validation of this extract with MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazolyl-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay using MCF-7 breast cancer cell linefurther supported the presence of antimitotic compounds. Aqueous BPS extract was further fractionated with ethyl acetateand it was found to inhibit the regeneration of new tissues from amputated earthworms. Liquid Chromatography and Mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis was performed with aqueousBPS extract to predict the lead compounds.Prediction analysis with mass values revealed the presence of three different compounds viz. α-tocotrienol, 1,2,4-nonadecanetriol and 3',4',7-trihydroxyisoflavone, which were already reported to inhibit the cell division. All our results strongly supported that banana pseudo-stem extract possesses antimitotic compounds. This is the first report of identification of putative antimitotic compounds from aqueous extract of Musa paradisiaca var. Robusta by using earthworms.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinjin Li ◽  
Yuqing Gong ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Yi Chu ◽  
...  

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has developed into the world's largest chronic epidemic. In NAFLD, hepatic steatosis causes hepatocytes dysfunction and even apoptosis. The liver has a strong restoration or regeneration ability after an injury, however, it is unclear through which pattern fatty liver injury in NAFLD is repaired and what the repair mechanism is. Here, we found that in the high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mice model, fatty liver injury caused the significant ductular reaction (DR), which is a marker to promote the repair of liver injury. SOX9+ and HNF4α+ biphenotype also suggested that hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs) were activated by fatty liver injury in the HFD-elicited NAFLD mice model. Concurrently, fatty liver injury also activated the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway, which is a necessary process for HPC differentiation into mature hepatocytes. However, Sirt1 knockdown weakened HPC activation and Wnt/β-catenin signal in Sirt1+/− mice with HFD feeding. In rat-derived WB-F344 hepatic stem cell line, Sirt1 overexpression (OE) or Sirt1 activator–Resveratrol promoted HPC differentiation via activating Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Glycogen PAS staining demonstrated that Sirt1 OE promoted WB-F344 cells to differentiate into mature hepatocytes with glycogen synthesis ability, while Sirt1 inhibitor EX527 or Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor HF535 decreased glycogen positive cells. Together, our data suggested that Sirt1 plays a vital role in activating HPCs to repair fatty liver injury or promote liver regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway in NAFLD, which might provide a new strategy for fatty liver injury or NAFLD therapy.


Author(s):  
Shuai Wang ◽  
Huifang Wang ◽  
Luzeng Hu ◽  
Zhipeng Lu ◽  
Muqing Qiu ◽  
...  

MnFe2O4@TpPa-1 adsorbent was developed by co-precipitation and solvothermal method, using ?-ketoenamine linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs, TpPa-1) as supporting material to alleviate the aggregation of MnFe2O4. The properties were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TEM, VSM, pHpzc, and N2 adsorption-desorption. The experimental results showed that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir model best described the adsorption process, suggesting that the adsorption process was chemisorption and spontaneous endothermic reaction, and the maximum adsorption capacity of Bisphenol A (BPA) was 926.65 mg.g-1. The main adsorption mechanism of BPA was hydrogen bonding and ?-? conjugation between active functional groups in the TpPa-1 skeleton and BPA. Furthermore, the magnetic MnFe2O4@TpPa-1 showed good regeneration ability, indicating that MnFe2O4@TpPa-1 could be used in water treatment.


Author(s):  
Nazmul Alam Khan ◽  
Md. Imtiaz Uddin ◽  
Md. Shohel Rana ◽  
Nusrat Jahan ◽  
Mirana Akhter Sumi ◽  
...  

Plant growth regulators were used to test callus induction and in vitro regeneration in six rice genotypes (RM-AC-2, BRRI dhan89, BRRI dhan88, Nipponbare, Koshihikari and Zenshan97). Four different concentrations (1, 2, 3 and 4 mg/L) of 2,4-D for callus induction and three different concentrations (1,2 and 3 mg/L) of NAA with three doses (5,10 and 15 µ/L) of kinetin for callus regeneration were used to test the effect of plant growth regulators. This study found a high callus induction on MS medium enriched with 2 mg/L 2, 4-D. In cases of RM-AC-2, BRRI dhan89, BRRI dhan88, Nipponbare, Koshihikari and Zenshan97, callus induction frequencies were 92.7%, 87.8%, 84.6%, 82.9%, 86.2% and 62.9%, respectively. In the regeneration, it was found that an MS medium enriched with 2 g/L Kinetin and 10 µm/L NAA has the ability to induce increased regeneration of different rice varieties (RM-AC-2 (72.4%), BRRI dhan89 (66.9%), BRRI dhan88 (62.5%), Nipponbare (63.3%), Koshihikari (48%) and Zenshan97 (39.6%). From the regenerated plants, one plant of the RM-AC-2 genotype availed to complete its life cycle and generated 32 effective tillers and yielded 89g. This rice plant is very promising for high yielding rice variety development program in Bangladesh. The improved callus development and regeneration ability of this genotype might be helpful for future rice variety development and genetic transformation program.


eLife ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Barruet ◽  
Steven M Garcia ◽  
Jake Wu ◽  
Blanca M Morales ◽  
Stanley Tamaki ◽  
...  

Abnormalities in skeletal muscle repair can lead to poor function and complications such as scarring or heterotopic ossification (HO). Here, we use fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a disease of progressive HO caused by ACVR1R206H (Activin receptor type-1 receptor) mutation, to elucidate how ACVR1 affects skeletal muscle repair. Rare and unique primary FOP human muscle stem cells (Hu-MuSCs) isolated from cadaveric skeletal muscle demonstrated increased ECM marker expression, showed skeletal muscle-specific impaired engraftment and regeneration ability. Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived muscle stem/progenitor cells (iMPCs) single cell transcriptome analyses from FOP also revealed unusually increased ECM and osteogenic marker expression compared to control iMPCs. These results show that iMPCs can recapitulate many aspects of Hu-MuSCs for detailed in vitro study, that ACVR1 is a key regulator of Hu-MuSC function and skeletal muscle repair; and that ACVR1 activation in iMPCs or Hu-MuSCs may contribute to HO by changing the local tissue environment.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyi Xu ◽  
Chengguo Zuo

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is becoming a growing risk factor for public health worldwide. It is a very common disease and is widely known for its susceptibility to multiple complications which do great harm to the life and health of patients, some even lead to death. To date, there are many mechanisms for the complications of diabetes, including the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the abnormal changes of gas transmitters, which ultimately lead to injuries of cells, tissues and organs. Normally, even if injured, the body can quickly repair and maintain its homeostasis. This is closely associated with the repair and regeneration ability of stem cells. However, many studies have demonstrated that stem cells happen to be damaged under DM, which may be a nonnegligible factor in the occurrence and progression of diabetic complications. Therefore, this review summarizes how diabetes causes the corresponding complications by affecting stem cells from two aspects: stem cells dysfunctions and stem cells quantity alteration. In addition, since mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), especially bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), have the advantages of strong differentiation ability, large quantity and wide application, we mainly focus on the impact of diabetes on them. The review also puts forward the basis of using exogenous stem cells to treat diabetic complications. It is hoped that through this review, researchers can have a clearer understanding of the roles of stem cells in diabetic complications, thus promoting the process of using stem cells to treat diabetic complications.


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