Diallel analysis of barley anther culture response

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Powell
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Microspore Development ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Plantlet Formation ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Anther Culture Response

The genetics of barley microspore development in culture was examined by means of diallel analysis. The frequency of microspore derived green and albino plant production was shown to be under genetic control. This genotypic limitation to microspore development will limit the application of anther culture techniques to barley breeding programmes. However, significant additive genetic effects were detected for the characters measured and indicate that the frequency of green plant regeneration may be improved by the hybridization of suitable parents. Significant reciprocal differences were also detected and indicate that the direction of the cross is important in determining microspore development. An embryogenic route to green plantlet formation was observed in a number of genotypes in the diallel experiment. The implications of these findings for barley improvement and genetics are discussed.Key words: doubled haploids, barley, anther culture, microspore, embryoid.

Genotype and Environment Strongly Influence Barley Anther Culture Response Using Australian Genotypes

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 227 ◽  
Author(s):  
SJ Logue ◽  
LC Giles ◽  
DHB Sparrow
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Donor Plant ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Anther Culture Response

A screening of several Australian barley cultivars of commercial interest has identified a number of genotypes that respond well to anther culture, with average levels of green plant regeneration between 23 and 134 plants/100 anthers cultured. Donor plant growth conditions have a large impact on anther culture response and, although optimal conditions for specific genotypes could possibly be identified, it is likely to be more effective for the production of large numbers of doubled haploids to settle for a broadly acceptable environment. Recent advances in methodology and the identification of responsive genotypes makes anther culture a feasible procedure for Australian barley breeding programs.

scholarly journals Effect of D Genome on Wheat Anther Culture Response After Cold and Mannitol Pretreatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theano Lazaridou ◽  
Chryssanthi Pankou ◽  
Ioannis Xynias ◽  
Demetrios Roupakias
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Rooting Medium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Anther Culture Response ◽  
Better Than

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect of the D genome on embryoid induction and green plant regeneration in wheat anther culture and how it is influenced by low temperature and mannitol treatment. For this reason, the anther culture response of two Canadian bread wheat cultivars and their extracted tetraploids (AABB) was studied. As controls two cultivars well responding to anther-culture (i.e. cvs. Kavkaz/Cgn and Acheron) and a no-responding cultivar (cv. Vergina) were used. Approximately 3000 anthers of these cultivars were cultured and three pre-treatments were applied: cold pre-treatment for 7 and 18 days at 4°C, and 0.3M mannitol for seven days at 4°C. W14 and 190-2 were used as induction and regeneration media, respectively, and the basic MS medium as the rooting medium. No green plants were produced from the tetraploids, which supports the view that the D-genome chromosomes are necessary for androgenic response in wheat. Furthermore, the Canadian cultivars performed better after 18-day pre-treatment at 4°C. The extracted tetraploids produced fewer embryoids and performed better after seven days of cold pre-treatment. The controls well responding to anther culture performed better than the Canadian cultivars, although their best response was recorded after seven-day cold pre-treatment. Cultivar Vergina produced no green plants. The presence of mannitol influenced negatively both embryoid and green plant production. It was concluded that the D genome plays a crucial role in anther culture response of wheat and that this response is influenced by both the genotype and the duration of cold pre-treatment.

Low-Dose Gamma-Irradiation Promotes Wheat Anther Culture Response

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 467 ◽  
Author(s):  
XL Ding ◽  
DJ Luckett ◽  
NL Darvey
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Cold Pretreatment ◽  
60Co Source ◽  
Anther Culture Response

This study examined the anther culture response of wheat to different doses of gamma radiation, and the interaction of radiation dose with a cold pretreatment of ears stored prior to culturing. The cultivars Grebe and Kite were chosen on the basis of their anther culture response, Grebe being highly responsive and Kite being non-responsive. Spikes of the two cultivars were exposed to various levels of gamma radiation (60Co source) ranging from 0 to 10 Gy (0.53 Gy min-1) before anthers were plated on an agarose-solidified medium. For Grebe, doses of 1, 3 and 5 Gy resulted in more embryoids, higher green plant regeneration, and a greater number of spontaneously doubled haploids (DH), than in the non-irradiated control. The response in Kite was similar but less pronounced. The higher doses of radiation (7 and 10 Gy), however, were detrimental in both cultivars and at 10 Gy no embryoids or regenerants were produced. Anthers subjected to a cold pretreatment prior to irradiation responded significantly less than those cultured fresh. This study indicated that low-dose gamma irradiation of fresh explants can significantly improve regeneration from anther cultures in wheat and may stimulate a low frequency of regeneration in an otherwise non-responsive cultivar.

The application of n-butanol improves embryo and green plant production in anther culture of Australian wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sue Broughton
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Green Plants ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
New Treatments

The objective of this study was to improve the production from anther culture of embryos and green plants in Australian spring wheat genotypes by testing new treatments such as n-butanol, as well as other protocol modifications. To date, the use of n-butanol to enhance embryogenesis has only been tested in two European wheat cultivars; this is the first study which demonstrates its application across a range of breeding crosses. A 5-h treatment using 0.1 or 0.2% (v/v) n-butanol following anther pretreatment on a solid mannitol medium significantly improved the production of embryos, green plants and doubled haploids in a range of Australian wheat crosses and varieties. Green plant production increased between 3- and 6-fold in the crosses Yitpi/2*Bumper, Tammarin Rock/2*Bumper and Tammarin Rock/2*Magenta. The addition of calcium (Ca) and macronutrients to the mannitol pretreatment medium also significantly improved the number of embryos and green plants in varieties and crosses, but only when used in combination with n-butanol treatment. A factorial experiment with four varieties and two treatments (n-butanol and Ca/macronutrients) revealed significant interactions between treatments and genotype. In three of the four varieties, the application of n-butanol resulted in significant increases in embryos and green plants with either pretreatment medium although the best results were obtained with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium, with 200, 193 and 52 green plants per 100 anthers obtained for Bumper, Gladius and Magenta, respectively. In the variety Fortune however, n-butanol treatment did not improve embryo or green plant production unless it was combined with Ca and macronutrients in the pretreatment medium and then there were dramatic improvements; from 0 to 27 green plants per 100 anthers.

scholarly journals Doubled Haploids in Rice Improvement: Approaches, Applications, and Future Prospects

2021 ◽  
pp. 425-447
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Samantaray ◽  
Jauhar Ali ◽  
Katrina L. C. Nicolas ◽  
Jawahar Lal Katara ◽  
Ram Lakhan Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Precision Breeding ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Rice Improvement

AbstractExploitation of biotechnological tools in conventional breeding strategies is the need of the hour for overcoming limitations in rice production and productivity. In addition, improvement in quantity and quality along with resistance to climatic and disease stress in rice require immediate attention. Anther culture has proven its efficiency by instantaneously fixing homozygosity through diploidization of regenerated haploid plants. Therefore, androgenesis provides an efficient platform for developing inbred lines in a short period of time. Although anther culture shows its efficiency in speeding up breeding in several crop species, including rice, associated limitations still prevent the exploitation of its optimum potential. Although anther culture is well exploited in japonica rice breeding, its application in indica rice is limited because of inherent recalcitrant genetic backgrounds. The success of anther culture is determined by several factors that limit the efficiency of androgenesis. Identified constraints are early anther necrosis, poor-callus response, and proliferation, and low green-plant regeneration, along with the most frustrating albinism associated with indica rice, which has been considerably clarified. This chapter details the method of androgenesis and scope for improving the applicability of anther culture producing doubled haploids of rice in order to use it as a complementary tool for precision breeding.

Ploidy of Regenerated Broccoli Derived from Microspore Culture Versus Anther Culture

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 533g-534
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Mark W. Farnham
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploid ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Microspore Culture ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Culture Techniques

Anther and microspore culture are commonly utilized to produce doubled-haploid (diploid), homozygous lines in broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. Italica Group). It is well-documented that doubled-haploid regenerants are produced by means of polyploidization during anther culture. However, polyploidization may not occur at all, or it may involve a tripling or quadrupling of the chromosome complement. As a consequence, regenerated populations from anther culture contain diploids, but also haploids, triploids, and tetraploids. Microspore culture represents a simpler and more direct method for producing doubled-haploids. Although a similar mix of ploidy types is likely to be observed among regenerants derived from microspore culture, the actual ploidy levels of such regenerants have not been documented for broccoli. Thus, the objectives of this study were to compare ploidy levels of regenerants developed using both anther and microspore culture in broccoli, and to examine phenotypic variation in ploidy makeup of populations developed from both anther and microspore culture using different F1 hybrids. Broccoli regenerants were derived simultaneously from both anther and microspore cultures using the same four F1 hybrids, including Everest, Patriot, Greenbelt and Major. Ploidy level was determined by flow cytometry. A majority of regenerants derived from both anther and microspore culture, were determined to be diploids or tetraploids. Significant differences in ploidy makeup of populations were observed among hybrid varieties for both culture techniques. Regardless of the culture method used, `Everest' produced a greater percentage of diploids and a lower percentage of tetraploids than `Patriot' did. Haploids were observed more frequently from microspore culture than from anther culture when `Everest' and `Major' served as parents.

Barley anther culture: assessment of carbohydrate effects on embryo yield, green plant production and differential plastid development in relation with albinism

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geneviève Wojnarowiez ◽  
Stéphane Caredda ◽  
Pierre Devaux ◽  
Rajbir Sangwan ◽  
Christophe Clément
Keyword(s):  
Anther Culture ◽  
Green Plant ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Plastid Development ◽  
Embryo Yield
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