Genetics of post-drought recovery, persistence and summer dormancy in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 1140
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Pirnajmedin ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Behnam Hoseini ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Regulated Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Drought Recovery

The genetic basis of post-drought recovery, summer dormancy and persistence under drought stress is little investigated in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). In this study, polycross populations (half-sib genotypes) were evaluated under normal and regulated deficit irrigation for 3 years (2012–14) in the field. Irrigation was then withheld in 2015, and the genotypes were evaluated for post-drought recovery and persistence. The results showed that regulated deficit irrigation decreased forage yield, yield components, persistence and recovery. A broad range of general combining ability was observed for most of the measured traits. Moderate to high estimation of narrow-sense heritability for yield components, persistence, recovery and summer dormancy index indicated that phenotypic selection may be successful to attain genetic progress. Under deficit irrigation, flowering time was positively correlated with persistence and recovery, indicating that selection based on lateness would lead to improvement in these traits. Stable and superior families across environments were identified based on regression coefficients and principle component analysis that would be desirable in future breeding programs.

Genetic progress from 40 years of orchardgrass breeding in North America measured under management-intensive rotational grazing

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-721 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. D. Casler ◽  
S. L. Fales ◽  
D. J. Undersander ◽  
A. R. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Grazing Pressure ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Rotational Grazing ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
State College ◽  
The North ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

There has been considerable activity in breeding orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivars in North America during the latter half of the 20th century. The objective of this study was to determine if genetic improvements in the North American orchardgrass germplasm pool have been realized or can be detected under management intensive grazing. Forty-three orchardgrass cultivars, in three maturity groups, representing adapted North American germplasm and potentially unadapted European germplasm, were evaluated under management-intensive rotational grazing at two locations in the northern USA. Cultivar means varied for apparent preference and this variation was largely due to herbage availability at State College, PA, where grazing pressure was relatively high, but to other factors at Arlington, WI, where grazing pressure was relatively low. North American cultivars tended to have higher net herbage accumulation than European cultivars, corresponding well to differences in forage yield of hay plots. Orchardgrass cultivars that were significantly higher in hay yield than their predecessors showed mixed results with respect to net herbage accumulation under grazing: some increases, some decreases, and some with no change. These results indicate that an individual orchardgrass cultivar can be well adapted to both management systems, only one of the two systems, or neither system. Genetic increases in net herbage accumulation may occur serendipitously, but directed selection for specific traits that confer productivity under grazing, or net herbage accumulation per se, will probably ensure a higher probability of success for an orchardgrass breeding program directed to pastures. Key words: Dactylis glomerata, cultivar evaluation, breeding, selection, grazing

scholarly journals Recurrent restricted phenotypic selection for forage yield in timothy and orchardgrass

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shateryan ◽  
B. E. Coulman ◽  
D. E. Mather
Keyword(s):  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Correlated Responses ◽  
Plant Persistence ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Phleum Pratense L

Three cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection for forage yield were carried out in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L. 'Avon' and 'Pennlate') and timothy (Phleum pratense L. 'Salvo' and 'Drummond'). The objectives of this study were to measure the effectiveness of this selection and to assess whether the selection produced any correlated responses on other characters. The three selected cycles and the original populations (cycle 0) were evaluated in both sward and space-planted experiments over a period of 4 yr. For the majority of the years of evaluation, there were no significant (P < 0.05) differences in forage yield among the different selection cycles. Under space-planted evaluation, cycle 3 of Drummond timothy was lower in both forage and seed yield than the other populations. In general, there was a trend to taller plants with greater circumferences in orchardgrass, and shorter, smaller plants in timothy over selection cycles. Selection had little effect on plant persistence and maturity. In conclusion, three cycles of recurrent restricted phenotypic selection were not effective in improving the forage yield of timothy or orchardgrass. Key words: Timothy, Phleum pratense, orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata, recurrent selection

scholarly journals Yield Stability of Contrasting Orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) Genotypes Over the Years and Water Regimes 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Saeidnia ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Mohammad Reza Dehghani ◽  
Behnam Hosseini
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Sib Families ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Stability of combining ability and the nature and extent of genetic and genotype×environment interaction is poorly understood in orchardgrass especially under climate change conditions. In the present study, first-generation half-sib families of orchardgrass derived from the polycross of 25 parental genotypes were evaluated in the field during five years under two irrigation regimes of normal and water deficit. Considerable genotypic variation was observed among half-sib families for all of the evaluated traits, demonstrating high potential for improving these traits through half-sib mating. The effects of water deficit on dry forage yield increased from the first to fifth year and consequently declined the persistence of half-sib families. Results showed that both genetic and non-genetic gene actions played a role in the control of dry forage yield; indicating that selection based on an index would be more useful to attain genetic progress. Moreover, the estimates of narrow-sense heritability for most of the traits were higher under deficit irrigation, which is advantageous for successful selection. The stability of general combining ability, plant productivity, and drought tolerance clearly identified G4, G5, G6, and G14 as the superior and stable parental genotypes able to transmit both stability and forage productivity to their progenies.

AC Splendor orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-553
Author(s):  
A. R. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

AC Splendor is a late-maturing orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) cultivar. It was developed by phenotypic selection within cv. Rideau for winter hardiness, yield, persistence and absence of stem rust (Puccinia graminis) at the Plant Research Centre. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa. Its forage yield was 103.2% of cv. Kay over 15 station years in Ontario. Yield in second and subsequent production years was 101.7% of cv. Kay over 8 station years. Key words:Dactylis glomerata L., orchardgrass

Growth traits associated with drought survival, recovery and persistence of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) under prolonged drought treatments

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdollahi Bakhtiari ◽  
F. Saeidnia ◽  
M. M. Majidi ◽  
A. Mirlohi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Seed Management ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of prolonged drought treatments on persistence, growth traits, drought survival and post-drought recovery was investigated in two sets of differently managed genotypes of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.). In total, 72 genotypes (two sets of 36 managed for seed and forage harvest, respectively) were evaluated for agro-morphological traits in the field during 2013–15 under normal and deficit irrigation regimes. In the fourth year (2016), irrigation was withheld in both irrigation treatments for 2 months and then plants were re-watered to investigate the effect of prolonged drought regimes on traits related to post-drought recovery. The deficit irrigation regime decreased persistence and recovery. These reductions were lower in the seed-management than the forage set, which indicates that delaying the first harvest of the seed-management treatment to maximise seed production led to lower impact of drought stress. The seed-management treatment also had lower persistence. The forage-management treatment had higher recovery under normal irrigation, whereas under deficit irrigation, the seed-management treatment had higher recovery. Association analysis showed the possibility of selecting genotypes having high values of persistence and drought tolerance. Results also showed a negative correlation between days to flowering and recovery after drought, indicating that selection for earliness may improve survivability and persistence of these plants. Superior genotypes with higher forage production and better recovery, persistence and drought tolerance may be recommended for development of synthetic cultivars.

Combining Ability of Plant Height and Yield components in Indian Mustard (Brassica junceaL.Czern & Coss.) under Salt affected Soil using Line×Tester Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
SHAILESH CHAND GAUTAM ◽  
MP Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Narrow Sense ◽  
Narrow Sense Heritability ◽  
Additive Genetic Effects

Line × tester analysis of twenty lines and three testers of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss.) cultivars were used to estimate general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA) effects, high parent heterosis and narrow-sense heritability estimate for plant height, yield components and seed yield. Significant variance of line x tester for the traits like pods per plant and seed yield indicating non additive genetic effects have important role for controlling these traits. Significant mean squares of parents v/s crosses which are indicating significant average heterosis were also significant for all the traits except seeds per pod. High narrow-sense heritability estimates for all the traits except seeds per pod exhibited the prime importance of additive genetic effects for these traits except seeds per pod. Most of the crosses with negative SCA effect for plant height had at least one parent with significant negative or negative GCA effect for this trait. For most of the traits except pods per plant, the efficiency of high parent heterosis effect was more than SCA effect for determining superior cross combinations.

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