prolonged drought
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Author(s):  
Kamrul Hassan ◽  
Yolima Carrillo ◽  
Uffe N. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Jorge Daniel Taillant

This chapter discusses the relationship between glacier melt, sea level, and water supply and the relationship between the water we drink at home and use for agriculture to mountain glaciers. It describes the Earth’s freshwater supply and its various compositions and locations. It gives concrete examples of different sized glaciers and their relative freshwater contribution to nearby populations. It reviews the freshwater basin storage and regulation role that glaciers play in ecosystems and the importance of glaciers as sources of freshwater for human consumption and agriculture during warm and dry months as well as during prolonged drought periods.


Author(s):  
Cynthia Hitchcock ◽  
Elizabeth Gallegos ◽  
Adam Backlin ◽  
Russell Barabe ◽  
Peter Bloom ◽  
...  

Climate change and prolonged drought have negatively impacted amphibians in southern California, U.S.A. Due to the severe drought from 2012–2016, agencies and researchers had growing concern for the persistence of the arroyo toad (Anaxyrus californicus), an endangered endemic amphibian in this region. Range-wide surveys for this species had not been conducted for at least 20 years. In 2017–2020 we conducted collaborative surveys for arroyo toads at historical locations. We surveyed 87 of the 115 total sites having historical records and confirmed that the arroyo toad is currently extant in 60 of 87 sites and 19 of 25 historically occupied watersheds. Only detection/non-detection and not population size was recorded, therefore potential declines at the population level could not be assessed. In other amphibian species, body condition has been documented to decrease with a decrease in water availability. To further investigate the drought’s impact on this species, we calculated an average body condition index annually for arroyo toads using allometric measurements recorded from 1996–present. This index was plotted against precipitation records over time. Our data show that body condition did not significantly change during drought years, but hydro-regulation may be masking an effect. Our study suggests that this species shows some resiliency to climate change and drought, and that mitigating invasive species, hydro-modification, and other anthropogenic drivers may currently be the most beneficial strategy for toad conservation. Arroyo toad conservation actions may also provide simultaneous benefits to several other native species that share the same habitat.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (17) ◽  
pp. 9604
Author(s):  
Tariq Pervaiz ◽  
Shuang-Wei Liu ◽  
Saleem Uddin ◽  
Muhammad Waqas Amjid ◽  
Shi-Hui Niu ◽  
...  

Drought stress has an extensive impact on regulating various physiological, metabolic, and molecular responses. In the present study, the Pinus tabuliformis transcriptome was studied to evaluate the drought-responsive genes using RNA- Sequencing approache. The results depicted that photosynthetic rate and H2O conductance started to decline under drought but recovered 24 h after re-watering; however, the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) increased with the onset of drought. We identified 84 drought-responsive transcription factors, 62 protein kinases, 17 transcriptional regulators, and 10 network hub genes. Additionally, we observed the expression patterns of several important gene families, including 2192 genes positively expressed in all 48 samples, and 40 genes were commonly co-expressed in all drought and recovery stages compared with the control samples. The drought-responsive transcriptome was conserved mainly between P. tabuliformis and A. thaliana, as 70% (6163) genes had a homologous in arabidopsis, out of which 52% homologous (3178 genes corresponding to 2086 genes in Arabidopsis) were also drought response genes in arabidopsis. The collaborative network exhibited 10 core hub genes integrating with ABA-dependent and independent pathways closely conserved with the ABA signaling pathway in the transcription factors module. PtNCED3 from the ABA family genes had shown significantly different expression patterns under control, mild, prolonged drought, and recovery stages. We found the expression pattern was considerably increased with the prolonged drought condition. PtNCED3 highly expressed in all drought-tested samples; more interestingly, expression pattern was higher under mild and prolonged drought. PtNCED3 is reported as one of the important regulating enzymes in ABA synthesis. The continuous accumulation of ABA in leaves increased resistance against drought was due to accumulation of PtNCED3 under drought stress in the pine needles.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Kleine ◽  
Doerthe Tetzlaff ◽  
Aaron Smith ◽  
Maren Dubbert ◽  
Chris Soulsby

Author(s):  
Christian Santos-Medellín ◽  
Zachary Liechty ◽  
Joseph Edwards ◽  
Bao Nguyen ◽  
Bihua Huang ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjay Kumar Sanadya ◽  
Surendra Singh Shekhawat ◽  
Smrutishree Sahoo

Sewan grass (Lasiurus scindicus), a popular pastoral species, is getting some much-needed attention as mechanization, modernity in agriculture, and illicit grazing pose severe risks to biodiversity conservation in arid and semi-arid areas. It is found mainly in wastelands, dunes, hammocks, and sandy plains but less popular for cultivation in farmer’s fields. Sewan grass has many features like good nutritional value, soil binder, tolerance to high temperature, high digestibility and palatability, and prolonged drought conditions contributed greatly towards its success as a potential forage species in arid environments. It contains significant quantities of crude fibres, lignin, minerals and crude protein, and varies in the proportion of their tissue that can be digested by ruminants. Most research focuses on the species as a forage plant and agronomical practices and is largely published in agricultural and grey literature. Meanwhile, there is a lack of information about breeding strategies and seed production technologies. Therefore, here we present a comprehensive review about agronomic management, breeding, and seed production strategies systematically that will aid in the management of sewan grass now and into the future.


2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinglei Zhang ◽  
Shirong Liu ◽  
Cuiju Liu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Junwei Luan ◽  
...  

Abstract Background There are many studies on disentangling the responses of autotrophic (AR) and heterotrophic (HR) respiration components of soil respiration (SR) to long-term drought, but few studies have focused on the mechanisms underlying its responses. Methods To explore the impact of prolonged drought on AR and HR, we conducted the 2-year measurements on soil CO2 effluxes in the 7th and 8th year of manipulated throughfall reduction (TFR) in a warm-temperate oak forest. Results Our results showed long-term TFR decreased HR, which was positively related to bacterial richness. More importantly, some bacterial taxa such as Novosphingobium and norank Acidimicrobiia, and fungal Leptobacillium were identified as major drivers of HR. In contrast, long-term TFR increased AR due to the increased fine root biomass and production. The increased AR accompanied by decreased HR appeared to counteract each other, and subsequently resulted in the unchanged SR under the TFR. Conclusions Our study shows that HR and AR respond in the opposite directions to long-term TFR. Soil microorganisms and fine roots account for the respective mechanisms underlying the divergent responses of HR and AR to long-term TFR. This highlights the contrasting responses of AR and HR to prolonged drought should be taken into account when predicting soil CO2 effluxes under future droughts.


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