A grower survey of diseases, invertebrate pests, and pesticide use on potatoes grown in South Australia

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Dillard ◽  
TJ Wicks ◽  
B Philp
Keyword(s):  
Seed Piece ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Alternaria Solani ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Halotydeus Destructor ◽  
Seed Piece Decay ◽  
Invertebrate Pests

In 1991, a survey was distributed to 251 potato growers in South Australia to determine major diseases, insect and other invertebrate pests, and chemicals used to control them. The overall response rate was 48%, but of these, 24 individuals were no longer growing potatoes. The results were summarised for the State and by district (Adelaide Hills, Adelaide Plains, Murray Lands, South East). The most prevalent diseases encountered by respondents in all districts were target spot caused by Alternaria solani, and rhizoctonia canker caused by Rhizoctonia solani. Other diseases of concern to growers included late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans, seed piece decay caused by various pathogenic and saprophytic microorganisms, common scab caused by Streptomyces scabies, and leaf roll caused by potato leaf roll virus. The most commonly used fungicides for disease control were chlorothalonil (33-42% of respondents), mancozeb (30%), and cupric hydroxide (11-13%). The most commonly used seed treatments for control of seed piece decay were mancozeb (51 % of respondents), tolclofos methyl (24%), and lime (20%). Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae), potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae), potato moth (Phthorimaea operculella), and jassids and leafhoppers (Jassidae, Cicadellidae) were the pests of greatest concern to the growers. Others included Rutherglen bug (Nysius vinitor), redlegged earth mite (Halotydeus destructor), and thrips (Thripidae). The most commonly used insecticides were ethamidophos (40% of respondents), monocrotophos (22-28%), and dimethoate (7-13%).

scholarly journals Aphids species on potato crops in Canterbury

2001 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A.W. Stufkens ◽  
D.A.J. Teulon
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Potato Viruses ◽  
Foxglove Aphid ◽  
Melon Aphid ◽  
Potato Crops

A survey of aphids infesting table processing and seed potato crops was undertaken in Canterbury during the 19992000 season (November March) The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) was the most common aphid found on potato plants (>85 of all aphids) followed by the foxglove aphid (Aulacorthum solani (Kaltenbach)) and the potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas)) These three aphids are vectors of the potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) and other potato viruses A further eight species were found in low numbers including five species that are vectors of potato viruses (not PLRV) The melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) was found in sizable numbers on sprayed potatoes in the Hawkes Bay This species which is known to have developed resistance to some insecticides on other crops in New Zealand was found in only low numbers in three crops in Canterbury

scholarly journals Role of Green Peach Aphid Flights in the Epidemiology of Potato Leaf Roll Disease in the Columbia Basin

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 1311-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter E. Thomas ◽  
Keith S. Pike ◽  
Gary L. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Time Of Arrival ◽  
Columbia Basin ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
Potato Leaf

Three distinct and highly predictable green peach aphid (GPA) (Myzus persicae) flights that occur seasonally in the spring, summer, and fall were detected at a southern, central, and northern location in the Columbia Basin of the Northwestern United States. Intensity and timing of the flights was approximately the same at the three locations. Timing and number of alatae captured in the spring and summer flights was associated with heat unit accumulation. The spring flight, which originates on the overwintering peach tree host, colonized but did not introduce potato leafroll virus (PLRV) into virus-free potato plots. The summer flight, which originates from volunteer potatoes and spring herbs originally colonized by the spring flight, did introduce PLRV into virus-free potatoes. The fall flight was too late to affect potato production. When plots contained a point source of PLRV, the virus spread rapidly in a plant-to-plant mode to all plants in plots after aphids arrived in the spring. Rate of spread from point sources of infection was not affected by timing or intensity of the spring flight, but timing of virus spread in the plots depended on time of arrival of the aphids. Once PLRV was introduced to virus-free plots by the summer flight, virus spread to other plants within the plots. GPA overwintered on peach trees. Although GPA apterae and alatae were present on winter annual weed and crop hosts in the fall, none survived winters on these species. In addition to the GPA, one other vector of PLRV, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, was rarely collected in aphid traps. These results suggest that chemical control of aphids could be delayed until mid-July if PLRV-free potato seed were available.

scholarly journals Responses of Aphid Vectors of Potato leaf roll virus to Potato Varieties

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (10) ◽  
pp. 1812-1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaonpius Mondal ◽  
Erik J. Wenninger ◽  
Pamela J.S. Hutchinson ◽  
Jonathan L. Whitworth ◽  
Deepak Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Ranger Russet ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Aphid Density ◽  
Aphid Abundance

Potato leaf roll virus (PLRV) can reduce tuber yield and quality in potato. Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae [Sulzer]) and potato aphid (Macrosiphum euphorbiae [Thomas]) are the two most important potato-colonizing PLRV vectors in the Pacific Northwest. We compared My. persicae and Ma. euphorbiae densities and PLRV incidences among potato varieties in the field to clarify the relationships between aphid abundance and PLRV incidence in plants. Aphids were sampled weekly over three years in the potato varieties Russet Burbank, Ranger Russet, and Russet Norkotah in a replicated field trial. In all years, My. persicae was more abundant than Ma. euphorbiae, representing at least 97% of samples. My. persicae densities did not differ among potato varieties across years; very low numbers of Ma. euphorbiae precluded such statistical comparisons for this species. PLRV infection did not differ significantly among potato varieties, although the percent of PLRV-infected plants differed among years when all varieties were combined (46% in 2013, 29% in 2011, 13% in 2012). For Ranger Russet and Russet Norkotah, PLRV incidence was positively correlated with aphid abundance as well as proportion of PLRV-positive aphids. In Russet Burbank, only aphid abundance was positively correlated with PLRV infection. Our results suggest that the three most commonly grown potato varieties in our region do not differ in their susceptibility to PLRV infection, and that aphid density was a consistent indicator of the risk of infection by this virus across varieties. Both of these findings can be used to hone PLRV monitoring and modeling efforts.

The role of the color of the substratum on the initiation of the probing behavior in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 694-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yvan Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Probing Behavior

Twenty-five colors were evaluated for their effect on the initiation of probing behavior in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The proportion of aphids of both species initiating probing behavior was maximum on green, yellow, or orange and lowest on purple, blue, white, or black. The time taken by individual aphids to begin probing was shorter for M. persicae than for M. euphorbiae but was essentially unaffected by colors. A larger proportion of both aphid species probed on the lower surface of potato (var. Kathadin) leaflet compared with the upper surface. The proportion of aphids initiating probing was the same on the lower surface of a potato leaf and on paper similar in color, indicating that the color of the substratum is determinant in the initiation of feeding for those aphids.

Relationship of Green Peach Aphid Numbers to Spread of Potato Leaf Roll Virus in Southern Idaho12

1979 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 809-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Byrne ◽  
Guy W. Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals The Mechanism of the Transmission of Potato Leaf Roll Virus by Aphids

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Day
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Infective Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Aphid Vector ◽  
Efficient Vector

The virus causing potato leaf roll can be recovered from the haemolymph of Myzus pefsicae, the aphid vector. Infective virus has also been separated from the bodies of infected vectors. The virus can be transmitted by an aphid after a moult, and infectivity is retained for at least 8 days; during this time the aphid is able to infect many plants. M. persicae is a much more efficient vector than Macrosiphum euphorbiae.

scholarly journals Inheritance of A and B Glandular Trichome Density and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity in Diploid Potatoes

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger L. Vallejo ◽  
Wanda W. Collins ◽  
Robert H. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Polyphenol Oxidase ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Glandular Trichome ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Trichome Density ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Glandular trichomes from some Solanum species have suppressed infestation by insects including green peach aphid, which is a main vector of potato virus Y (PVY) and potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), both of which contribute to a serious loss in potato production. Eight Solanum phureja Juz. et Buk.-S. stenotomum Juz. (Phu-Stn), three S. berthaultii Hawkes (Ber), nine F1 [(Phu-Stn) × Ber], fifteen backcross (BC) [(Phu-Stn) × F1], and seventeen reciprocal BC (BCR) [F1 × (Phu-Stn)] families were evaluated to determine the genetic variability and heritability of A and B glandular trichome density and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity. Experiments were carried out in completely randomized and randomized complete-block designs in the greenhouse. Genetic analysis was done using half-sib family and parent-offspring regression analysis. Phu-Stn showed a higher density of A trichomes than Ber and F1, while the BC and BCR had densities of A trichomes similar to Phu-Stn. B trichomes were not observed in Phu-Stn. Ber showed a high B trichome density, which was transmitted to the F1. In the BC, B trichomes were almost absent, but, in the BCR, the density of B trichomes was higher than that of BC. Ber and F1 had similar or higher PPO activity than Phu-Stn. PPO activity decreased in the BC, but, in the BCR, it was high and similar to Ber and F1. Broad-sense heritability estimates for A and B trichome density and PPO activity were from medium to high (0.48 to 0.77) in Phu-Stn, Ber, and F1. Narrow-sense heritability estimates for A and B trichome density and PPO activity were very low (0.04 to 0.24) in BC and BCR. In the BC families, additive genetic variance was very low for A and B trichome density and PPO activity. Half-sib family selection based on progeny testing and combined with BCs to Phu-Stn in subsequent generations would be a suggested breeding procedure to improve these traits. Phenotypic correlations between A and B trichome densities were 0.26 (F1) and 0.44 (BCR), between A trichome density and PPO activity 0.20 (F1) and 0.31 (BCR), and between B trichome density and PPO activity 0.04 (F1) and 0.27(BCR. Positive associations found between traits might facilitate simultaneous improvement for high levels of A and B trichome density and PPO activity.

Area control of the green peach aphid on peach and the reduction of potato leaf roll virus

1976 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 123-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Powell ◽  
W. T. Mondor
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf

Population development of the green peach aphid and beneficial insects in potato fields in British Columbia

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. 647-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.T. Kabaluk ◽  
R.S. Vernon ◽  
D. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Coccinella Septempunctata ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Population Development ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Aphid Parasitoids ◽  
Field Action

AbstractUsing 4 years of potato monitoring data containing insect counts, population development of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae (Sulzer)) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), ladybird beetles (Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Coccinella septempunctata L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), and hymenopterous aphid parasitoids is described and used to consider revisions to current sampling plans. Depending on the year, field monitoring for aphids commenced between early May and early June. Aphid populations typically increased after 1 July and fluctuated until the end of the monitoring period (September). Winged M. persicae began to appear in sweep-net samples in late May, well in advance of the detection of aphids in visual samples. Aphid counts from field edge and interior sample sites were correlated and edge population levels were slightly and significantly greater than interior levels over the period 10 June – 14 July in 2 of the 4 years analyzed, suggesting a mild but inconsistent edge effect approaching mid season. Using an action threshold of 1 aphid/leaf to restrict the aphid-mediated spread of potato leaf roll virus (PLRV), the earliest whole-field action threshold was exceeded during 18–24 June in 1997. Using an action threshold of 10 aphids/leaf to address aphid-induced yield loss in fields not at risk to PLRV, the earliest whole-field action threshold was exceeded during 16–22 July in 1997. Therefore, monitoring for aphids can begin much later than the time it is currently commenced. A case is presented for monitoring only the edges of potato fields for an action threshold of 10 aphids/leaf, as interior samples rarely exceeded this action threshold when edge samples were below. This would further reduce the effort in sampling potato fields for aphids. Population development of ladybird beetle adults and larvae showed peaks occurring at different times during the growing season, depending on the year. Parasitism of aphids by hymenopterans occurred at low to moderate levels throughout the growing season (13% of total aphids in visual samples, on average), with peak parasitism appearing toward the end of the growing season in each year.

Transmission efficiency of potato leaf roll virus (Plrv) by potato aphid Aulacorthum solani and green peach aphid Myzus persicae

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
K C Naga ◽  
Tanuja Buckseth ◽  
S Subhash ◽  
Aarti Bairwa ◽  
Gaurav Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Potato Leaf Roll Virus ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Aulacorthum Solani
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